Search results for keyword: paradox
Fermat's little law
The Birthday paradox and the Pigeonhole Principle
The Birthday paradox and the Pigeonhole Principle are two mathematical principles that are closely related. Both are related to statistics, probability, and combinatorics. The Birthday paradox states that in a group of at least 23 randomly chosen ......
10/07/2023 
1057 
Oliver
Lange model
The St. Petersburg paradox
The St. Petersburg paradox is a famous problem in economics and game theory that has fascinated numerous economists, philosophers and mathematicians since it was first presented in the late 18th century. The paradox is based on a simple game, in which a coin is flipped ......
birthday paradox
Birthday paradox
The birthday paradox, also known as the birthday problem, is a probability phenomenon which states that in a group of randomly chosen individuals, the probability of two or more of them having the same birthday is actually quite high. The chance is more than 50% when the number of......
St. Petersburg paradox
Saint Petersburg paradox
The Saint Petersburg paradox is a logical problem concerning the expected value of a series game. It is named after the Russian city of Saint Petersburg, where it was published in 1738 by Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli. The paradox was first proposed as part of a di......
Colett-Haig rule
Kelleys Black-box Law
The “Kelley’s Black Box Law” was first proposed by Barry P. O’Keefe and William H. Kelley in 1990. The law is described as a set of three distinct principles governing the measurement of human performance in organizations. According to their paper, these principles repre......
tiger paradox
The Tiger paradox
The Tiger paradox, also known as “Mere Addition paradox”, is a thought experiment which explores the relationship between probability and logic. It goes something like this:
Suppose there are two tigers, one white and one black. Now, assume that the probability of a white tig......
barber paradox
The Barbers paradox
The Barbers paradox is a strange contradiction that arises when a barber is posed a simple question. The question is, “Does the barber in town shave all the men who do not shave themselves?” On first glance, the answer to this question appears to be yes, however, on closer ......
newcastle paradox
Newcomb paradox
The Newcomb paradox was first proposed by American philosopher and decision theorist, William Newcomb, in 1969. It serves as an interesting example of game theory, as well as an illustration of the classic conundrum of whether better outcomes are a result of causality, or mere cha......
Russell's paradox
The Sorites paradox
The Sorites paradox is one of the oldest paradoxes in philosophical thought. It is a problem of vagueness in language, and the central question it tries to ask is: “if a little bit of something can be considered a certain thing, then how much is enough to be considered that s......
Virtue Dilemma
The paradox of Virtue
The paradox of Virtue attempts to show that moral goodness or virtue is commonly thought to be desirable, but actually leads to peoples downfall or misery. The paradox of Virtue is also known as the Catch-22 and is most commonly demonstrated in the fictional works of Joseph......
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