Search results for keyword: deficit
Tax threshold
Tariff Threshold
One of the main concepts involved in international trade is the idea of a tariff threshold, also sometimes referred to as a customs threshold. This is a value that determines the amount of duty or tax that is imposed on a particular import. The process of duty calculation is ofte......
09/07/2023 
1038 
William
international reserves
International Reserves
International reserves are defined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) as assets held by a country’s government or central bank which are “freely usable” – that is, capable of being used to make international payments and finance transactions. In other words, inter......
international reserve assets
International reserve asset
1. Introduction
International reserve asset refers to the liquid assets held by monetary authorities of nations as a symbol of its international payment ability or to back its currency and liabilities. Usually, international reserve asset includes gold reserve, foreig......
international lending
关于International borrowing.
International Borrowing
International borrowing, also known as external borrowing, refers to the process of one country obtaining funds from another country or international institution. Generally, international borrowing is undertaken to finance a deficit, raise capi......
Theory of National Fiscal Crisis
The National Financial Crisis Theory
The national financial crisis theory is one of the oldest economic theories in the world, dating back to the time of Adam Smith in the 18th century. It is based on the idea that a country’s economy is prone to cycles of booms and busts and that it is possible......
national debt spending
Public debt, often referred to as government debt or national debt, is the debt of a government owed to lenders. This can include money owed to individual citizens (such as holders of treasury bills and bonds issued by the government) or to other governments, businesses, or organizations. It also ......
Fund budget balance
Fund Budget Surplus
A fund budget surplus occurs when a company or organization has more income than expenses. In the world of business and finance, a surplus occurs when a company or organization earns a larger income than what is necessary to cover its expenses. This surplus can then be allocat......
administrative expenses
Public Expenditure
Public expenditure pertains to the funds that are allocated and spent by the government, either at a local, regional or national level, to provide public services and to incur obligations. The funds usually come from taxes and other fees paid by citizens to the government. An e......
gold reserve
Introduction
Gold reserve is an important part of many countries economic activities. It is essentially a large economic asset and provides economic and financial stability during market volatility. Economic development and international trade and finance are dependent on a secure, stable and pre......
exchange rate determination theory
Exchange Rate Determination Theory
In macroeconomics, the exchange rate determination theory is an important concept that examines how the exchange rate between two currencies is decided. It provides an understanding of how the price of one currency changes in relation to another currency, allow......
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