Application of Low Chromium Ferritic Stainless Steel 0Cr13Al (AISI 405)
Ferritic stainless steels have been increasingly in use among the stainless steels family due to its appealing properties, such as low-cost, excellent corrosion resistance and good formability when compared to the elaborate austenitic or duplex stainless steel materials. AISI 405, known as 0Cr13Al, is a ferritic stainless steel that contains approximately 11.5-13.5% chromium, 0.08-0.2% aluminum and 0.6-1.0% silicon as major alloying elements. AISI 405 offers good formability and weldability when compared to other ferritic stainless items due to its low carbon content. Due to its low cost and desirable properties, AISI 405 has been extensively used for manufacturing various products, especially those which are exposed to environment conditions.
Historically the properties of AISI 405 have been employed in a variety of applications; such as kitchen sinks, cutlery, some automotive components, steam-heating systems, industrial welded patients, bridges, whole vessels, dairy equipment and medical equipment. AISI 405 was also used in making tire molds, internal combustion engine components and exhaust manifold. It has been used since the 1950s as its properties have been recognized since then.
AISI 405 is a low chromium ferritic stainless steel and it is recommended to the applications particularly those with exposure to mild-environment conditions. As the chlorine and iron near the surface of this type of steel are less able to establish passive film on its surface, it is vulnerable to shallow pitting corrosion. Therefore, it is important to remove dirt and any residues to avoid the pitting corrosion due to the contamination of the steel surface.
The mechanical properties of AISI 405 are at room temperature as follows; tensile strength of 481 MPa, yield strength of 201 MPa, ultimate elongation of 14.28%, and hardness estimated to be HV 181. The thermal properties of AISI 405 are thermal expansion coefficient at 20 °C of 14.2ºC-1, the electrical resistivity of the material at 20°C is 0.78 mOhm-cm, and the specific heat of the material at 20°C is 0.504 J/gK.
Due to its favorable mechanical as well as thermal properties, AISI 405 is an ideal choice for designing structures that primarily seek withstanding mild corrosive environments. AISI 405 can be used to manufacture components such as industrial tanks and pipelines, wheels, parts of an automotive exhaust system that are exposed to environmental agents and pressure vessel components.
AISI 405 usually is not suitable for applications with exposure to strong type of corrosive environments, such as those with high concentrations of chlorides, since they will lead to pitting and corrosion. Furthermore, the risk of stress corrosion cracking is extensive in the presence of both chloride stress and tensile loading. In conclusion, AISI 405 is ideal for a range of applications when exposed to mild environment conditions, very experienced in the industry and can be easily manufactured using cold-rolling or casting methods.
综上所述，AISI405是低铬铁素体不锈钢的一种，它的主要合金元素为11.5-13.5％的铬，0.08-0.2％的铝和0.6-1.0％的硅，具有良好的成形性和可焊性，能够有效地抵抗中弱环境腐蚀，适合于厨房水槽，刀具，车辆零部件，蒸汽供暖系统，工业焊接患者，桥梁，船体，乳制品设备和医疗设备的制造。除了具有良好的机械性能和热性能外，AISI405还可以用于制造许多其他产品，例如，砂轮，内燃机零件和排气歧管等。然而，它不适用于暴露在高浓度氯化物环境下的应用，因为这可能导致腐蚀和产生应力腐蚀开裂的风险。
