Rare Earth Intermetallics
Rare earth intermetallics (REIs) are a class of substances derived from two or more metals and rare earths which exhibits unique physical, chemical, and magnetic properties. Rare earths are a group of 15 chemically related elements and are known for their use in magnets, but they can also be used in an alloy with other metals to form an intermetallic. This intermetallic material is known for its excellent resistance to corrosion and its ability to remain strong even in harsh environmental conditions.
REI’s chemical bonding structure consists of two or more rare earths mixed metal cations and metal cation vacancies. This structure creates a chemical interaction that is not found in other metal alloys when exposed to extreme conditions resulting in a material with good chemical, magnetic and electrical resistance. The alloying has positive effects on the intermetallic crystalline lattice and grain sizes giving REIs improved strength, ductility, and creep strength.
There are a number of applications for REIs depending on the ionic radii of the metals involved. These alloys have a wide range of applications including structural applications such as construction and infrastructure, industrial applications such as motor and generator components, and aerospace applications such as turbine parts and fuel rods. Furthermore, REIs are often used as an additive in alloy manufacturing where their unique properties can be harnessed to add strength, corrosion-resistance, or heat resistance.
The production of REIs requires careful coordination of the metal combinations. The chemical make-up of rare earths and metals must be considered as well as the temperatures and pressures used for production. This is especially important in aerospace applications, where the addition of a rare earth intermetallic can be used to increase the strength of a material for high stress components.
These alloys can also be used for medical applications, as rare earths can be used to create unique materials such as neodymium-based superconductors. At extremely low temperatures, these materials can be formed to create a superconducting electromagnetic field which has many potential uses in medical diagnostics and treatments.
REIs are also becoming increasingly used in electric-vehicle battery production. The addition of rare earths in the production of lithium-ion batteries can help increase the energy density and decrease the charging time of the batteries, making them more efficient for electric-vehicle use.
In addition to their utility, REIs can also be used in green energy production. These metals can be used in hydro, wind, and solar applications as they can work in extreme conditions and have excellent corrosion resistance properties.
REIs have endless potential uses, making them an increasingly sought after material. As their production becomes more efficient and their uses become more widespread, the rare earth intermetallic will continue to be an important material in many industries.
