Introduction
Lithium, or Li, is a silvery alkali metal that is the third lightest element on the periodic table. It has the atomic number three and is one of the most abundant elements in the universe.
In its pure form, lithium is a soft and malleable metal with an orange-red color. It is highly reactive, meaning it readily forms compounds in the presence of oxygen and water.
The primary source of lithium is mineral rocks and brines found in the earth’s crust. There are many different compounds of lithium, with their different properties used in many industries.
Uses
Lithium has several industrial applications, such as in the manufacture of batteries, glass and ceramics, lubricants and greases, metallurgy and air conditioning systems.
The most common use of lithium is in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. The majority of lithium-ion batteries contain a graphite anode, a cobalt cathode, and an electrolyte solution composed of lithium salts. These batteries are used in a wide range of consumer electronics, such as laptops, cell phones, cameras and electric cars.
Lithium is also used in the production of many polymers and lithography. The production of lithium hydroxide, a chemical compound used for air conditioning and the production of pharmaceuticals, also relies on lithium.
In addition to its many industrial applications, lithium is commonly used as a mood stabilizer and antidepressant medication.
Safety and Toxicity
The toxicity of lithium depends on the dose and method of exposure. In its pure form, it is relatively non-toxic and non-irritating. However, when exposed to higher concentrations, it can be toxic.
There is an occupational health standard for all forms of lithium, developed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, which sets out recommended safe exposure levels.
Lithium is a cumulative poison, meaning that its effects amplify with repeated exposure and can lead to long-term health risks. Symptoms of long-term lithium toxicity include nausea and vomiting, headaches, tremors and confusion.
Conclusion
Lithium is an abundant and versatile element with a wide range of applications in industry and medicine. However, it is also a cumulative poison and, if exposure is not properly regulated, it can pose a risk to human health. It is important to be aware of the symptoms of lithium toxicity and to observe the safety standards set out by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
