Mechanical Properties of Martensitic Stainless Steel 2Cr13 at Room Temperature
Introduction
Martensitic stainless steels are a family of low-alloy ferrous alloys with a maximum of 11.5% chromium, which can be further strengthened by transformations such as aging and cold work. These steels are typically used in applications requiring a certain combination of structure and corrosion resistance. One of the most commonly used martensitic stainless steels is 2Cr13-type, which is widely produced and applied in various fields. This paper will provide a thorough description of the mechanical properties of 2Cr13-type martensitic stainless steel at room temperature.
Chemical Composition
2Cr13 stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and some other elements, and has the following exemplary chemical composition (accounted by weight):
• Carbon (C): 0.14-0.20 %
• Manganese (Mn): 0.25-0.35 %
• Phosphorus (P) ≤ 0.040 %
• Silicon (Si) ≤ 0.50 %
• Sulphur (S) ≤ 0.050 %
• Chromium (Cr): 12-14 %
• Nickel (Ni): ≤ 0.60 %
• Molybdenum (Mo): ≤ 0.10 %
• Nitrogen (N): < 0.10 %
• Iron (Fe): Balance
Physical Properties
2Cr13 stainless steel has a traditionally excellent combination of strength and modest corrosion resistance, relying on the presence of at least 12% chromium. This steel can reach a relatively high stress level (up to 600 MPa) and still remain brittle and ductile at room temperature. Other physical properties of this steel include a relative density (7.8 g/cm3) and a melting point of 1,400-1,500°C.
Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of 2Cr13 stainless steel at room temperature depend on the structural state of the material. Several such structural states can be achieved by subjecting this steel to controlled processes such as austenitization, quenching, and tempering. The mechanical properties of the steel thus depend on these processes. In general, the following mechanical properties can be achieved for 2Cr13 stainless steel at room temperature:
• Yield strength (σy): 140-220 MPa
• Ultimate tensile strength (σut): 370-400 MPa
• Elongation (EL): 15-18 %
• Reduction of area (RA): 45-50 %
• Impact strength (δ): 320-400 J/cm2
• Hardness (H): 90-175HB
• Modulus of elasticity (E): 200 GPa
• Coefficient of thermal expansion (α): 7×10-6 (K-1)
Conclusion
2Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is a low-alloy ferrous alloy with a maximum of 11.5% chromium, which can provide good combination of strength and corrosion resistance. Its mechanical properties at room temperature depend on the structural state of the material, and can be further controlled by processes such as austenitization, quenching, and tempering. Generally, this steel can have a yield strength of 140-220 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 370-400 MPa, elongation values in the range of 15-18%, reduction of area values in the range of 45-50%, a hardness of 90-175HB, a modulus of elasticity of 200 GPa, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 7×10-6 K-1.
