Introduction
Permanent magnet motors have been widely used due to their high energy efficiency, power density and dynamic response, particularly in high speed applications. The rotary permanent magnet motor is a motor which utilizes the Lorentz force generated between energized winding and a permanent magnet to turn. It is a motor that can provide a superior torque, high torque-to-inertia ratio and low vibration.
Design of Permanent Magnet Motors
The design of permanent magnet motors consists three major parts, namely the housing, the rotor, and the stator. The housing holds the entire structure together and is usually made from stamped steel. The rotor is the part that rotates and is typically composed of a permanent magnet and a pair of bearings. The stator is the stationary part that provides the necessary flux for controlling the motion of the rotor. The stator consists of galvanized steel laminations, a winding assembly, and a commutator.
The rotors of permanent magnet DC motors are designed in a variety of shapes and sizes to match the specific application. The rotors typically consist of a permanent magnet embedded in the center and rotor windings placed around the surface. The rotor design affects the overall performance of the motor and must be considered when selecting the appropriate motor for an application.
The most commonly used type of permanent magnet rotor is an annular magnet. An annular magnet is an arrangement of several magnets of equivalent field strength so that they are placed concentrically around the rotor center. The magnets are connected to each other using an encasing material such as epoxy. The advantages of using this type of magnet rotor design is that it provides high power output, high efficiency, low vibration and reduced cogging torque.
A common type of motor winding used in permanent magnet DC motors is a wound field winding. This type of winding is composed of a coil drawn around the rotor. This winding is formed by creating a path between two separate windings, which are connected to the two coils. The advantage of this type of winding is that it works at lower voltages, thus making the motor more efficient.
Applications
Permanent magnet motors are used in a wide range of applications, ranging from automotive, industrial and consumer applications. For example, in the automotive industry, these motors are used to power electric vehicles, wind turbines and other types of machinery. Industrial applications include conveyor belts, robotics, hoists and machine tools.
In consumer electronics, these motors are used to operate blenders, washers and refrigerators. Recently, they have been incorporated into gaming systems, such as Microsofts Xbox, to control the position and speed of parts in order to enhance the gaming experience.
Advantages
Permanent magnets are widely used in motors due to the following benefits:
The motors are generally cheaper to operate due to their power density, high efficiency and low maintenance. Moreover, they provide superior torque and can operate at speeds beyond the range of ordinary motors. In addition, the design is simple and the rotors are low noise and low vibration, which makes them ideal for applications requiring quiet operation.
Conclusion
Permanent magnet motors offer a number of advantages over traditional motors, including higher torque, greater power density, and lower operational costs. These motors are widely used in a variety of applications in the automotive, industrial and consumer electronics industries. Additionally, their design is simple and easy to maintain, making them ideal for a variety of applications.
