The Development Prospects of Aqueous Metal Cutting Fluids
Metal cutting fluids play a vital role in machining operations, providing lubrication and cooling, extending tool life and improving the surface finish of the workpiece. In the past, petroleum-based fluids were the main type used but now there is increasing focus on the use of aqueous fluids due to the environmental benefits they offer. In this article the development prospects of aqueous metal cutting fluids are discussed, including the latest developments and current trends.
Aqueous metal cutting fluids are based on water, so they offer environmental advantages over traditional petroleum-based fluids. They do not contain hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and as such are safer to use both for the operator and for the environment. The aqueous fluids are also biodegradable, making them easier to dispose of. In addition, the use of these fluids can improve the machining process, providing improved tool life, surface finish and chip evacuation.
One of the key developments in the use of aqueous metal cutting fluids has been in the growing demand for high-performance, synthetic fluids. These fluids are designed for difficult machining applications where a high degree of lubrication and cooling is required. The fluids typically contain a range of additives, such as EP (extreme pressure) and AW (anti-wear) additives, which help to provide comprehensive protection in challenging environments.
In recent years, the demand for low-emission aqueous metal cutting fluids has also been increasing. These fluids are designed to provide the same performance as traditional fluids, but with significantly lower VOC emissions. This is particularly important in enclosed workshops, where the accumulation of VOCs can be hazardous to both workers and the environment. Low-emission fluids also enable manufacturers to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations.
The use of semi-synthetic aqueous metal cutting fluids is also growing. These fluids contain a blend of traditional oils and water-soluble additives, making them more stable and less prone to foaming. They also offer improved tool life over standard aqueous fluids and have a lower risk of corrosion. Additionally, semi-synthetic fluids provide good lubrication and chip evacuation and can be used for a wide range of machining operations, including turning, drilling, milling and grinding.
The development of fluid-based anti-corrosion treatments is another important trend in the use of aqueous metal cutting fluids. These treatments are designed to provide long-term protection against corrosion and rusting, especially in machining operations that involve cuts that produce long and/or angled chips. The treatment is applied during the machining process and typically includes a combination of rust and corrosion inhibitors, lubricants and surfactants.
Finally, the use of nanofluids is another emerging technology for aqueous metal cutting fluids. Nanofluids contain particles of nanomaterial suspended in the fluid, with the nanoparticles providing enhanced lubrication and cooling. They can also improve surface finish, reduce friction and reduce tool wear, making them an ideal choice for difficult machining applications.
In conclusion, the use of aqueous metal cutting fluids has seen significant growth in recent years due to their environmental advantages and improved performance. The key developments in the field include the use of high-performance synthetics, low-emission fluids, semi-synthetic fluids and fluid-based anti-corrosion treatments, as well as the emergence of nanofluids. These advances are helping to drive the development of aqueous metal cutting fluids and ensure they remain an important tool in modern machining operations.
