heavy oil

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Heavy oil, also known as residual fuel oil, is a thick, black, viscous liquid composed mainly of crude oil and has been subject to very little refining. It consequently contains a range of chemical compounds, and varies in viscosity. Despite its lower grade source and high degree of impurity, it c......

Heavy oil, also known as residual fuel oil, is a thick, black, viscous liquid composed mainly of crude oil and has been subject to very little refining. It consequently contains a range of chemical compounds, and varies in viscosity. Despite its lower grade source and high degree of impurity, it can still be useful in certain applications.

Heavy oil is deemed the most important fuel source in many countries, contributing significant energy resources to their overall energy mix. It is widely used for electricity generation due to its relatively low price. In the United States, for example, it is the main fuel for electric power plants.

Heavy oil is also a key player in the petrochemical industry and plays a major role in providing numerous chemicals used in many common household products, such as plastics, cosmetics, medicines, fertilizers, etc. Its production is an important job provider and financial supporter in certain regions.

The use of heavy oil has some potential drawbacks, mainly due to its high sulfur and nitrogen content, as well as the emissions of pollutants such as CO2. Its combustion produces 30-40% more CO2 than that of light oil, as well as significantly larger quantities of soot, particulate matter, and other pollutants.

Burning heavy oil also produces lower-grade heat energy, leading to higher fuel consumption. It also has more formed deposits and more sulfuric acid corrosion, leading to more frequent maintenance costs and decreased engine life.

It is a challenge to transport heavy oil over long distances. Due to its high viscosity and sulphur content, it is prone to solidifying, which can lead to blockages in pipes. As such, it is mainly transported via ships in diluent or refinery blends, or via rail cars or barges.

Overall, heavy oil is an important fuel source for millions across the globe. Due to its wide usage, relatively low costs and production ease, it plays a vital role in the economy of certain regions, in addition to providing a significant amount of energy. As new technologies are developed to explore and refine it further, its impact may even grow in the future.

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