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Heat Treatment Terms
1. Annealing: a process that involves heating steel to a specific temperature and then cooling it at a controlled rate. The purpose of annealing is to produce a more uniform crystalline structure, which can relieve internal stresses and make the material softer and more ductile.
2. Austempering: a type of heat treatment where austenitic steel is held at a temperature above its transformation range for a predetermined amount of time and then quenched in a liquid bath with a temperature below the transformation range. Austempering creates a microstructure of acicular ferrite and particle-reinforced martensite, resulting in better toughness than conventional quenching and tempering processes.
3. Carburizing: a heat treatment process used to increase the surface carbon content of steel components. The steel is heated in a carburizing atmosphere, which typically contains carbon monoxide (CO). During carburizing, the CO molecules combine with available oxygen to form carbon dioxide (CO2), which increases the carbon concentration at the surface of the steel.
4. Case hardening: a form of heat treatment where the surface of a metal part is heated to a high temperature, then cooled quickly. This changes the microstructure of the outer portion of the material, making it harder and less susceptible to wear and tear.
5. Normalizing: a process of heating and cooling a material in order to bring its properties within certain specified limits. This improves the machinability and formability of the material, and in some cases can even improve its ductility, toughness and strength.
6. Quenching: the process of rapidly cooling a material from a high temperature in order to harden and strengthen it. When done correctly, quenching can enhance the mechanical properties of a material and increase its resistance to corrosion and abrasion.
7. Tempering: a process of heating and cooling a material to achieve a desired balance of properties such as hardness, strength, ductility and toughness. Tempering helps to reduce the brittleness of materials that have been quenched and allows them to be used in applications that require a combination of characters.
8. Ambient Aging: a process of controlled cooling of a part from a high temperature to room temperature in order to allow the microstructure of the material to age and stabilize, resulting in improved mechanical properties.
9. Furnace Brazing: a process of joining two materials together with a low-melting-point filler metal, such as brass. This joining is done by heating the two surfaces and the filler material to a relatively high temperature and forming a bond between them when the filler melts.
10. Induction Hardening: a type of heat treatment where high frequency alternating electric currents generate heat in a material, which is then rapidly cooled in order to increase its hardness, strength and wear resistance.
