Overview
Alloy Tool Steels are steels that are alloyed with a variety of elements in total amounts between 1.0% and 50% by weight to improve their mechanical properties. Alloy tool steels are used to make cutting tools, measuring tools, dies and machining tools. The amount of alloying elements and fractions of each are tailored for specific applications. Common elements added to achieve desired alloying effects include vanadium, molybdenum, cobalt and boron. The type of alloying elements and their amounts vary depending on the application and the manufacturer’s individual preference.
Types and Characteristics
The most common alloy tool steel grades are Type AISI P-20 and A2. AISI P-20 is a general-purpose alloy steel; it is relatively inexpensive and offers good machinability and features excellent toughness. It is heat treatable and is often used in applications requiring a combination of good wear resistance and strength. AISI A2 is a superior grade of steel that is made especially for use in tools. It is an air-hardening steel and offers a greater wear and strength compared to AISI P-20. Both of these alloys are available in annealed and pre-hardened conditions.
Properties of Alloy Tool Steels
Alloy tool steels provide a unique combination of properties. They are heat resistant, wear resistant and hard. Heat treating and tempering processes can improve the strength and wear resistance of these alloys. This makes them suitable for a wide range of applications, from cutting tools to dies and machining tools. The composition of these alloys, along with their hardness and strength, makes them ideal for cold and hot work applications.
Machining, Joining and Finishing of Alloy Tool Steels
Alloy tool steels can be machined using a variety of standard machining technologies, including turning, milling, drilling, grinding, and broaching. For best results, when machining, it is important to use high speed machines with sharp tools. Alloy tool steels can be joined by welding, brazing and soldering processes. This is typically done with an oxy-acetylene or similar torch. Finishing of these alloys is possible with a variety of methods, including buffing and polishing.
Conclusion
Alloy tool steels are ideal for a variety of applications where a combination of strength and wear resistance is needed. Alloy tool steels can be heat treated and tempered to improve their properties and make them more suitable for use in specific applications. Alloy tool steels can be machined easily using standard machining techniques, and they can be joined using welding, brazing, soldering and other processes. Lastly, they can be finished easily with various methods, such as buffing and polishing.
