Introduction
Numerically Controlled (NC) Machine Tools were first used in the 1950s. It is a machine tool that can be programmed to automatically perform machining operations of certain parts. By inputting instructions, the machine tool can feed, rotate and cut the material according to the instructions to process the parts. The core part of the numerically controlled machine tool is the numerical control system, which is composed of three parts: hardware, software, and man-machine dialogue system.
Hardware of Numerically Controlled (NC) Machine Tools
The hardware of numerically controlled machine tools mainly refers to the hardware composed of the main circuit of numerical control system and its auxiliary circuits, as well as the hardware components related to the machine tool, such as servo control system and feed system.
The numerical control system is mainly composed of a motor control unit, a storage unit, a instruction control unit, and a arithmetic unit. The motor control unit includes power elements, a power amplifier, DC stabilizing circuit, and other electronic components, which cooperate with each other to control the movement of the machine tool. The storage unit is mainly responsible for the filing of machining instructions. The instruction control unit mainly interprets the instructions, controls the working sequence, monitors the various control elements of the machine tool, and determines the working status of the machine tool under various operating conditions. The arithmetic unit is mainly responsible for the calculation of various mathematical operation problems related to the processing.
The feed system often includes a transmission control unit and a spindle control unit, which are connected to the motor control unit in the numerical control system in order to coordinate the motion of the spindle with the motion of the other parts of the machine tool. The servo system mainly refers to the mechanical and electrical systems that enable the machine tool to accurately position the axis, so that the accuracy of machining can be improved.
Software of Numerically Controlled (NC) Machine Tools
The software of numerically controlled machine tools mainly includes program translating system, numerical control program, and operation program. The program translating system is mainly responsible for receiving the concise and understandable processing instructions written by people, translating them into numerical control system understandable form, and storing them in the storage unit as numerical control programs for the machine tool to process parts. The numerical control program is usually stored in the memory of the numerical control system, which is the main part of the numerical control system. Under the control of the instruction control unit, the machine tool or the peripheral device implements the machining steps according to the numerical control program. The operation program is designed to facilitate the improvement of the machine tool function, and to provide a man-machine dialogue with the numerical control system, making it easier for people to understand and operate the machine tool.
Man-machine Dialogue System of Numerically Controlled (NC) Machine Tools
The numerical control system of machine tools generally adopts several kinds of man-machine dialogues, namely, key input dialogue, man-machine dialogue written by people, control language dialogue, and graphic dialogue. Key input dialogue is the simplest form of man-machine dialogue, which is realized by entering the instructions into the numerical control system according to the presetting code, and then the numerical control machine is operated by pressing the key of the man-machine dialogue unit. In addition, machine-readable instructions can be written by people, which are converted into numerical control instructions by the program translating system. Control language dialogue is to design simple programming language according to the execution of machine tools, and use it to write processing instructions, which is easy for people to understand and operate. Graphic dialogue is to graphically display the processing steps of the parts, and then input the numerical values, which is the most flexible and intuitive man-machine dialogue.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the numerical control machine tool consists of three parts, namely, hardware, software, and man-machine dialogue system. The hardware consists of a motor control unit, a storage unit, a instruction control unit, and a arithmetic unit. The software is mainly composed of program translating system, numerical control program, and operation program. The man-machine dialogue system includes key input dialogue, man-machine dialogue written by people, control language dialogue, and graphic dialogue.
