Introduction
Construction surveying is also known as building surveying. It is an important part of the construction process, as it verifies the correct positioning of features and elements for the project. A construction surveyor is responsible for using surveying equipment, such as theodolites, transit levels and GPS units, to measure and analyze the features of a construction project. In addition, construction surveys may include elevation drawings, contours and mapping.
The primary purpose of a construction survey is to establish the exact geographic location of a building or other feature on the land with the help of precise measurements. The process of surveying is essential for the design of a project to ensure that the structure is built according to plan. Construction surveys are also used to determine the area and volume of a job site or piece of land. As such, they are used to determine the amount of land needed as well as the boundaries of the project.
Types of Construction Surveys
There are several types of construction surveys. These include topographic surveys, route surveys, boundary surveys, and hydrographic surveys.
A topographic survey is a detailed mapping of the surface terrain and elevations of the land. This type of survey is often used in civil engineering or the construction of dams and bridges. Topographic surveys are useful for determining the exact placements of buildings, grading levels and other geographic features.
A route survey is used to measure and map out a route for a road, pipeline or other form of transportation. This type of survey is used to determine the position of proposed routes, taking into account any existing features along the approved route.
Boundary surveys measure the boundaries of a property and are used to determine the legal boundaries of land plots and ownership. They are also used to prepare boundary maps for land development and for the settlement of boundary disputes.
A hydrographic survey is used to identify the depths of rivers, lakes and oceans. This type of survey is used to measure the extent of flooding or navigable channels, as well as to monitor erosion and sedimentation. Hydrographic surveys are also used in dredging operations and when preparing large-scale navigational and engineering projects.
Equipment Used in Construction Surveying
The most important equipment used in construction surveying is the Global Positioning System (GPS). This system uses satellites to measure location points with extreme accuracy. The data collected by GPS units is then used to accurately map out the details of a land plot.
Another type of equipment used for construction surveying is a transiting level. This type of survey instrument uses a telescope to measure and record the angle of elevation or depression of a given object from a reference point. It also measures the elevation of ground features as well as buildings.
Theodolites are an advanced form of transit level. They are more accurate and have the ability to measure both horizontal and vertical angles. They allow for the construction of accurate elevation drawings of the landscape.
Conclusion
Construction surveying is a complex process that requires careful planning, precise measurements and accurate mapping. This type of surveying is essential for the development and construction of large-scale engineering and infrastructure projects. In order to ensure the accuracy of these projects, construction surveyors employ sophisticated surveying equipment and techniques.
