Computerized numerical control (CNC) machines have been around since World War II and have experienced a tremendous surge in both advancements and popularity. With a sophisticated software platform, control system, and robotics system, CNC machines are now the prominent feature of today’s manufacturing industry. CNC machining offers manufacturing versatility as well as improved accuracy and repeatability of parts. This precision and automation results in time and cost savings across the manufacturing sector.
CNC machines are designed to perform automated machining operations. These machines are highly programmable and come with a variety of functions and capabilities. Programmable CNC machines are capable of performing drilled and tapped holes, contouring, and boring on a variety of materials. This allows for the mass production of small parts in one production cycle.
CNC machines are typically classified by the number of axes (due to the two-dimensional cutting it has) and how it affects the various shapes and features formed on the material. There are three main types of CNC machines, namely: two-axis (X and Y axis) CNC machines, three-axis (X, Y, and Z axis) CNC machines, and five-axis (X, Y, Z, A and B axes) CNC machines.
Two-axis CNC machines are basic CNC machines that are typically used to cut along straight, linear paths. These machines are usually limited to simple cuts, such as flat surfaces, holes, and slots. Three-axis CNC machines, on the other hand, are more sophisticated, enabling the machine to cut contours and complex shapes. Five-axis CNC machines are the most advanced and are used to machine complex shapes and angles, such as turbine blades and complicated curved parts.
In addition to their advanced motion capabilities, CNC machines have also seen advancements in their technology. These advancements have allowed for faster production speeds and increased machining accuracy. This has enabled CNC machines to become one of the most reliable and precise options when compared to manual machining and methods.
One of the major advancements in CNC machine technology is the use of three-dimensional software. This software, such as computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM), is used to create 3D models of a part and then use that data to create the machining program. This allows the part to be precision machined within a fraction of a millimeter.
Another advancement in CNC technology is the use of automation. Automation can increase the speed and accuracy of a CNC machine by minimizing the number of manual operations. This will also reduce the risk of human error in the production process. Automated CNC machines typically come with programmable pallet exchangers, robotic part shuttles and automated material handling systems.
Robotic CNC machines are quickly becoming a popular choice among manufacturers due to their increased speed and accuracy. Robotic CNC machines employ the use of robotic arms to operate the machine and are capable of handling a larger number of parts per hour with greater precision. Robotic CNC machines have become so advanced that they can now detect errors in the program and divert materials within the same production cycle.
Overall, CNC machines have experienced dramatic advances in their capabilities. The advancements in software and robotics systems have allowed CNC machines to offer greater speed and accuracy while cutting costs on production. As technology continues to progress, CNC machines will continue to offer increased precision and capabilities to manufacturers.
