Common grades of ferrous-based alloys
Ferrous-based alloys are a group of metals composed of iron combined with other elements, such as carbon, chromium, manganese and nickel. Ferrous alloys have various grades and types that are used for different purposes. Every grade has its own characteristics and benefits, including toughness, strength and ease of fabrication. Here is a brief overview of common grades of ferrous-based alloys:
Carbon steel
Carbon steel is a type of ferrous alloy that is made of iron and carbon combined in different concentrations. It is one of the most common grades of steel due to its versatility, ductility and affordability. It can be hardened or treated to increase its strength and stiffness, making it suitable for applications such as construction and automotive parts.
Low- and medium-alloy steel
Low- and medium-alloy steel are also known as steels with a low carbon content combined with other elements such as chromium, nickel and molybdenum. These alloys are used primarily for corrosion resistance, high temperature strength and abrasion resistance. Applications for low and medium-alloy steel include aircraft components, pipelines and power plants.
Stainless steel
Stainless steel is a type of alloy with a minimum of 10.5% chromium content, which creates a protective oxidation layer on the surface that makes it more durable and corrosion-resistant. There are several different grades of stainless steel, including austenitic, martensitic and ferritic. Stainless steel has a wide range of applications, due to its aesthetics and corrosion-resistant properties, including cutlery, automotive parts, kitchen countertops and surgical instruments.
Cast iron
Cast iron is a ferrous alloy composed mainly of iron and carbon, with small amounts of other elements such as manganese, silicon and phosphorous. It has a relatively low melting point and is used in a wide range of applications, from cookware to drainage pipes. Other benefits of cast iron include its resistance to wear and tear and its ability to be machined and cast into a wide variety of shapes.
Tool steel
Tool steel is a type of alloy that is composed of iron, carbon and other elements such as chromium, tungsten and vanadium. It is a type of high-strength steel that is heat-resistant and highly durable. Tool steel is used mainly for cutting and shaping tools such as drill bits, saw blades and chisels, as well as dies and molds.
These are some of the most common grades of ferrous-based alloys used today. Depending on the application, different grades may be more suitable, as each has its own set of benefits and drawbacks. It is important to determine which grade is right for the application and select the right grade for the job.
