Rolling Bearings-Essential Components and Basic Technical Knowledge
Rolling bearings are essential components of various machines, widely used in various mechanical products, and can bear a variety of mechanical loads. They are widely used in automobile manufacturing, home appliance manufacturing, agriculture, construction, aerospace and other industries, playing an irreplaceable role; therefore, their maintenance, repair and technical knowledge have become an important part of the maintenance engineers learning content.
This article will introduce the basic components of rolling bearings, the structure, types and selection principle of rolling bearings, and basic technical knowledge such as installation and maintenance.
1. Basic Components of Rolling Bearings
The basic components of rolling bearings are mainly composed of inner ring, cage, rolling element and outer ring.
(1) Inner Ring
The inner ring is the core of the bearing, and it is generally made of high-carbon chromium bearing steel. Generally, it has no lubrication groove and is installed on a shaft with a press fit.
(2)Cage
The cage works to maintain the rolling elements and fix the gap between them. It is usually made of brass or bearing steel.
(3)Rolling Element
Rolling elements are the parts that perform the bearing movement. According to the bearing structure, rolling elements can be divided into two types: balls and rollers. Balls are widely used in high speed bearings, while rollers are used in heavy-load bearings.
(4)Outer Ring
The outer ring of a bearing is a closed steel ring, which has a lubrication groove and a sealing device. The sealing device is used to protect the rolling element and the inner and outer rings from dust and pollution.
2. Structure and Types of Rolling Bearings
There are three types of rolling bearings: radial bearings, thrust bearings, and radial thrust bearings. Radial bearings that bear radial loads include deep groove ball bearings, angular contact ball bearings, tapered roller bearings and cylindrical roller bearings. Thrust bearings that bear axial loads consist of thrust ball bearings and thrust cylindrical roller bearings. Radial thrust bearings are composed of angular contact spherical roller bearings and taper roller thrust bearings.
3. Selection Principle of Rolling Bearings
The selection and use of rolling bearings must be done according to the structure and bearing capacity of the machine. The factors that should be considered in selecting rolling bearings include: bearing load, speed, accuracy of working surface and manufactured accuracy.
First, consider the bearing load. According to the load size of the bearing and the operating temperature of the bearing, select a bearing allowance, and select the corresponding fit for the bearing inner and outer rings.
Second, consider the bearing speed. The speed of the bearing should be no greater than the speed calculated by the basic speed rating, in the normal working temperature of the bearing.
Third, consider the accuracy of the working surface and manufactured accuracy. The accuracy of the bearing should meet the requirements of the working surface and manufactured accuracy to prevent premature bearing failure.
4. Installation, Maintenance and Repair of Rolling Bearings
(1) Installation
Installation is an important step in bearing use, and it is also the key to bearing safety, reliability and service life. When installing bearings, it is essential to observe the following two points:
1. Pay attention to the fit of the bearing inner and outer rings.
2. Pay attention to the cleanliness of the bearing.
(2) Maintenance
During the use of the bearing, periodic inspection and maintenance of the bearing is essential. The following points should be noted during the examination and maintenance:
1. Check to see if there is any dust or debris in the bearing.
2. Check the bearing temperature and judge whether the bearing is damaged.
3. Check the bearing fit.
(3) Repair
If the bearing is found to be damaged and need to be repaired, it is necessary to take into account the type and size of the bearing and the degree of damage before deciding whether to repair or replace it. Bearings that need to be repaired should be sent to specialized repair shops for repair.
Conclusion
Rolling bearings are essential components in various machines, and play an irreplaceable role in many industries. As a part of mechanical maintenance, proper selection and use of bearings, installation, maintenance and repair of bearings are all critical skills for maintenance engineers. This article has introduced the basic components, structure, types, selection principles and maintenance and repair knowledge of rolling bearings. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.
