Lubrication systems in internal combustion engines generally consist of a lubricating oil reservoir, a pump for pressurizing this oil and delivering it to where it is needed, and a filtering device. The purpose of the lubrication system is to reduce friction between moving parts and protect them from wear, corrosion, and other deterioration from hot combustion gases and particles. In order to achieve this, the lubricating system must be able to maintain the correct oil level, provide adequate pressure for the system, clean the oil of impurities, and contain any leakage.
The presence of water in a lubrication system can lead to several problems, including premature wear of components, thermal stress, and diminished performance. Water is a major contaminant in lubricating systems, as it is introduced in a variety of ways. It can enter the lubrication system from the air, such as in humid climates, condensation on the walls of the reservoir, or through a leak in the system. Poor-quality fuel and coolant can also introduce water into a system.
The type of water present in a lubrication system can vary significantly. Free water will settle to the bottom of the reservoir, while entrained or emulsified water will remain suspended in the oil. The presence of both forms of water can have a negative effect on the lubricating system, leading to accelerated corrosion and increased wear of components. Water contamination also affects the oil’s viscosity, as it has less lubricating power than pure oil.
Removing water is the first step in reducing the effects of water contamination and can be accomplished through a variety of means. Manual draining and skimming are two of the common methods employed to remove free water, although they are more effective when used in conjunction with other filtration devices. Coalescing filters, as well as vacuum and pressure separators, are commonly used for removing entrained or emulsified water.
Once the water has been removed from the lubricant, the oil should be treated with dehumidifying agents, such as waxes or desiccants, to help prevent future water contamination. The use of these agents will help to reduce corrosion and wear of components, as well as prevent the formation of sludge or sediment.
In addition to the removal of water and the use of dehumidifying agents, other strategies should be employed to protect the lubricating system from water contamination. Regular flushing of the system, as well as regular oil and filter changes, will help reduce the amount of water present. In addition, the lubricating oil should be checked periodically for water content, and if high levels are detected, appropriate action should be taken.
Water contamination of lubricating systems is a common problem, and while there are a number of strategies that can be employed to reduce its effects, prevention is the best solution. By properly maintaining the lubrication system, water contamination can be successfully avoided.
