The human genome project is an ambitious research project to sequence and map all the genes of the human body. It was initiated in the late 1980s and officially launched in 1990 with the support of the U.S. Department of Energy and the NIH (National Institutes of Health).
The main objectives of the Human Genome Project are to identify all genes of the human organism, to analyze the entire sequence of genes, to store the data in a public database, and to facilitate research initiatives that center on the human genome. To accomplish this, a consortium of scientists from China, Japan, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Canada, and the United States pooled their efforts to create a public gene map.
The genetic information contained in our genes is encoded in the DNA. Each DNA molecule consists of two strands of molecules bound together by hundreds of millions of base pairs. The genetic code contained in our DNA is responsible for determining personal characteristics such as hair and eye color, height, and other physical traits.
Although mapping the human genome has revealed an incredible amount of information about human biology, there are still many questions left to be answered. Scientists are attempting to uncover the hidden potential of our genetic makeup, from how our cells use DNA as a blueprint for growth and development to discovering how genetic mutations could contribute to diseases such as cancer.
The ability to explore traits and meanings contained in the human genome has opened up the possibility of personalized healthcare, where a persons DNA can be analyzed to identify their health risks and to develop specific treatments tailored to their individual needs. In addition, research on the human genome is leading to the development of gene therapy and the creation of new drugs meant to treat, cure and even prevent disease.
Not only has the Human Genome Project advanced medical science, but it has also brought attention to ethical considerations. Genetic information, once acquired, has implications for the individual and society, and privacy of this data must be effectively managed. Scientists must also consider the implications of certain uses of genetic technologies, such as the use of gene therapy for enhancement or manipulation of traits which are deemed desirable, versus for the treatment of genetic diseases.
The Human Genome Project remains an important objective in science, and its success will undoubtedly lead to more knowledge about how genes affect our health and how we may better treat and cure diseases. This research will further our understanding of our biological makeup and reveal new and valuable information that can be used to help humanity.
