Electromagnetic Valve Principles and Types
An electromagnetic valve is a device used to control and regulate the flow of liquids, gases, and other powdered media in automated systems. These valves are essential components for pharmaceutical, chemical, biotechnological, and industrial processes. They are used in a variety of applications, from regulating the flow of gases in tanks, to controlling the flow of liquids into different containers.
An electromagnetic valve works on the principle of electromagnets interacting with a magnetic field generated by electricity. By applying an electric signal to a coil, the electromagnetic field created by the coil causes the solenoid valve to open or close. This process is also known as ‘sesteoring’. The magnetic field causes the parts of the valve to move, either opening or closing the opening in the valve.
There are two basic types of electromagnetic valves, direct-acting and pilot-operated. Direct-acting electromagnetic valves operate on the principle of the force created by the electric field on a moving armature, which opens or closes the valve. These valves are responsive in nature and give quick response time, allowing for fast control and regulation. Pilot-operated electromagnetic valves work on a different principle; the electric signal is used to power a series of air, hydraulic, or pneumatic cylinders which open or close the valve. These valves are less responsive in nature, but provide more accurate control of the flow rate.
Designs and sizes of electromagnetic valves can vary depending on the application requirement, from large industrial valves down to tiny single micro-valve designs. The most commonly used valve designs are butterfly, globe, and ball valves. Butterfly valves are used for clamping and isolating applications, globe valves are used for throttling, controlling and regulating fluid flows, and ball valves are used for emergency shut off applications when complete isolation is required. Other materials used in electromagnetic valves include brass, stainless steel, aluminum, bronze, and even plastic.
The features of an electromagnetic valve can vary depending on the design and size. Typically, they will feature a coil used to supply the voltage and install the valve, a magnetic core that moves up and down to open and close the valve, and a series of O-rings to form a sealed joint between two parts that prevent the media from bypassing the valve.
The advantages of using an electromagnetic valve include its high repeatability and reliability, robustness, and adjustable flow rate. Additionally, these valves are also relatively easy to install and maintain.
The disadvantages associated with using electromagnetic valves include the fact that they can be difficult to repair without specialist knowledge and tools, and the fact that the electric signals may be subject to electromagnetic interference and damage. Additionally, the parts of the valve will eventually wear out and need to be replaced.
In conclusion, electromagnetic valves are essential components in automated systems and are used for a variety of applications. They are relatively easy to install and maintain, and offer high repeatability and adjustable flow rates. However, they can be prone to electromagnetic interference, and the parts may need to be replaced frequently.
