Engineering and Geological Surveying
Engineering and geological surveying, or more formally known as geotechnical surveying, is an important component of the geospatial science of surveying and mapping. It is the integration of three disciplines: civil engineering, geology and surveying. The goal is to provide a systematic measure and inventory of the physical characteristics of earth materials and structures that influence the design, safety, and construction of civil engineering works.
Engineering geological surveys are used to assess the engineering properties of soils and rocks on a variety of land conditions or sites. They are used to provide data on topography, regional subsurface conditions, deposits of soil and bedrock, groundwater, contour lines, erosion and runoff. These surveys help establish the best and most economical site for an engineering project, determine the construction sequence and optimize the strength and stability of the designed structure.
There are several methods used in engineering geology surveys. These include remote sensing, topographic surveys, airborne electromagnetic surveys, ground penetrating radar, gravity surveys, shallow seismic refraction surveys, electric and electromagnetic surveys, photogeological studies, soil boring and testing and on-site field mapping. As part of the survey, the levels of subsurface damage from earthquakes, slope instability, and water seepage is identified, and potential risks of the project are evaluated.
The results of the survey are documented in geotechnical reports which include the findings, interpretations, explanations and recommended remedies for any potentially hazardous conditions. The surveys help engineering and construction firms to accurately plan the construction of buildings, bridges, highways, dams, pipelines, and other public and private engineering works.
Engineering geological surveys provide the basis for decisions regarding the use, feasibility and safety of the project. The result of the survey helps identify potential risk areas and make cost and safety estimates to develop suitable designs and environmental protection measures. In addition, the results of the survey are used to inspect existing structures such as streets, bridges and tunnels for structural soundness.
Engineering geological surveys are a critical component of any civil engineering works. They help minimize risks and potential hazards and ensure that projects are built in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. The use of the latest technologies and techniques used in the surveys further ensure that designs and works are cost-efficient, safe and environmentally friendly.
