Fasteners are devices that are used in a wide variety of applications to join two or more objects together. They are an essential component of all types of machines, equipment and structures. Fasteners are used to connect components, fasten assemblies and to secure objects. They play a major role in the safe functioning of machinery and the structural integrity of buildings, vehicles and other structures.
Fasteners come in many different sizes, types, materials and shapes and can be used in a wide range of applications. They vary significantly in strength and elongation, depending on the material and design specifications. The most commonly used fasteners are metal screws, bolts or rivets.
In order for fasteners to work effectively, they must be designed and manufactured to standards that are specific to the application for which they are used. For example, fasteners used in automobiles must be designed and tested to meet the specifications of the Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG). This is done to ensure the strength and durability of the fastener and the integrity of the car in which it is used.
The AIAG is the industry standard for automotive fasteners and specifies the strength, threading, coating and corrosion resistance of fasteners. Additionally, the AIAG addresses the fasteners core performance requirements such as reliability and service life, as well as safety and environmental considerations.
In order to comply with the AIAG, fastener suppliers must be compliant with the industrys Fastener Quality Management System (FQMS), which includes processes such as process control, material control, dimensional reporting, hardness testing, material certification and quality assurance. In addition to the AIAG, there are many other organizations that set standards for the manufacture of fasteners. These organizations include the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and the Underwriters Laboratories (UL).
The ASTM is a standards development organization that prepares specifications for the testing and characterization of various materials, products and services used in industry. The organization certifies the strength and durability of fasteners according to grade and type. The SAE is an engineering society that develops technical standards for various industries, including automotive, aerospace, construction and energy. The UL is an independent testing organization that evaluates products and services for safety and performance.
When choosing the best fastener for a particular application, it is important to consider material, size, strength and elongation. It is also important to consider the standards and regulations that apply to the fastener. The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) regularly publishes documents that set standards and guidelines for the proper use of fasteners. The National Aerospace and Defense Contractors Accreditation Program (NADCAP) is another document that provides guidance and guidelines regarding the selection, installation and use of fasteners.
In addition to the standards set by these organizations, many more specialized standards are used in the industry. These include ASTM A193 and A194, ASTM F593 and SAE J429. All of these standards must be observed when selecting, installing and maintaining fasteners for specific applications.
When installing fasteners it is important to use the proper tools and techniques. Various techniques such as pre-drilling, countersinking, reaming, and tapping may be necessary depending on the specific application. It is also important to properly torque the fasteners. Torque values for a specific fastener can be found in the manufacturers specifications. Failure to apply proper torque may result in reduced strength and fatigue of the fastener. Additionally, corrosion can lead to premature failure or failure under stress. Proper installation and maintenance of fasteners can help reduce the likelihood of corrosion.
In conclusion, fasteners are essential components used in a wide range of applications. They must be specifically designed and manufactured to standards set by industry organizations such as the AIAG and ASTM. They must be installed and maintained properly to ensure the strength and durability of the fasteners and the integrity of the object in which they are used. It is important to understand the standards and regulations that apply to the fastener selection, installation and maintenance to ensure the safety, reliability and performance of the fastener.
