Structural stratification
Structural stratification, also known as social stratification, is a system of social stratification based on unequal access to resources, rewards, and power within a society. It can be based on race, caste, gender, ethnicity, occupation, wealth, income, and/or other factors. It is a result of an unequal distribution of resources, opportunities and rights. Structural stratification is found in all societies, and takes many different forms. It is usually based on a combination of several factors.
Structural stratification creates inequality and can be seen in many aspects of daily life. It affects how people interact with and view one another, as well as who is most likely to receive access to resources, rewards, and power. Structural stratification is often used as a tool to maintain control by the powerful and to keep the most marginalized and oppressed groups in a subordinate position. It can also be used to privilege certain groups, or limit access to resources in order to preserve the power of the social elite.
Structural stratification is often caused by underlying economic and ideological differences in a society. Disparities in power, wealth, and status often lead to unequal access to resources and unequal access to the benefits of a society. These disparities in access can manifest themselves in unequal pay, unequal access to education, unequal access to healthcare, unequal access to housing and other basic needs, and unequal access to control over key resources such as finances and decision-making.
Structural stratification is structured in complex systems of stratification and can be reinforced by cultural norms and beliefs. Social identities, including gender, race, ethnicity, occupation, and wealth, often determine people’s positions in society and may be used to oppress or privilege people within a given population. Social identities are often used to explain why people are in certain positions in society; however, they can also obscure the underlying unequal power dynamics. Social identities can also be used to justify or rationalize existing power dynamics and prevent opportunities for those who are disadvantaged by those dynamics.
Understanding structural stratification is essential for working to reduce social inequality. It is essential to understand the underlying dynamics that shape a given system of stratification and to consider the ways in which individuals and groups are disadvantaged or privileged within a given society. It is also important to understand the historical context that created or maintained the current systems of stratification and to identify gaps in access that need to be addressed in order to reduce systemic inequalities.