Standard Chemical Composition of Common Materials
Steel is an alloy of iron, carbon, and possibly other elements. Depending on the grade, the steel may include other elements such as manganese and chromium. Steel is often grouped into four categories based on its composition:
Carbon Steel: is an alloy of iron and carbon. In general, carbon steel can contain up to 2.0% carbon by weight, although this can vary up to 2.5%. Carbon steel is the most widely used type of steel and is used in a variety of products including cars, ships, and bridges.
Alloy Steel: is an alloy of iron and other elements, such as carbon, manganese, chromium, nickel, etc. Typically, alloy steels contain more than 10.5% chromium and up to 30% chromium. Alloy steels are more corrosion-resistant than carbon steels, and are generally harder and stronger.
Stainless Steels: are a type of steel alloy that contains up to 10.5% chromium and 1.2% carbon. The chromium adds corrosion-resistance, preventing rust and other forms of oxygen from corroding the steel. Stainless steels are tougher, so they are often used in the construction of kitchen appliances and tools.
Tool Steels: are a type of alloy steel with a high concentration of tungsten, molybdenum and/or cobalt. They are designed to be extremely hard and resilient, making them perfect for use in tools and cutting applications. Tool steels are often forged or otherwise worked in order to attain their desired shape.
Aluminium: is a lightweight metal with a good strength-to-weight ratio. It is silver in its natural form and is the most abundant metal in the earths crust. Aluminium is strong, lightweight, and resistant to rust and corrosion. It is often used in the construction of aircraft, vehicles, and consumer goods.
Copper: is a soft, malleable metal with a reddish-brown color. It is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used in the electronics and construction industries. Copper is corrosion-resistant, so it is often used to produce pipes, electrical wires, and other items.
Brass: is a copper-zinc alloy that has a yellowish appearance. It is strong and corrosion-resistant, making it popular for construction, manufacturing, and decoration. Brass is often used for plumbing fixtures, door and window frames, and decorations items.
Bronze: is an alloy of copper and tin and is often used in the production of sculpture and coins. Bronze is a strong material that is resistant to corrosion, making it ideal for a variety of outdoor applications.
Nickel: is a silvery white metal that is highly resistant to corrosion. Nickel is a key component in stainless steel, which is why it is often referred to as the stainless steel alloy. Nickel is also used to produce coins, battery parts, and electronics.
Titanium: is an extremely strong, lightweight metal that is also highly corrosion-resistant. Titanium is used in aircraft, spacecraft, and other applications that require a lightweight yet strong material.
Plastics: are a type of synthetic material made from polymers. Plastics can be molded, extruded, painted, and dyed for a variety of applications. Plastics are often used in the production of consumer goods, medical equipment, and industrial components.
Glass: is an amorphous material made from silica sand, soda, and lime. It is a strong and transparent material that is often used in the production of glass bottles, mirrors, and windows.
Ceramics: are inorganic materials composed of oxides and other minerals. Ceramics are strong and heat-resistant, making them ideal for use in a variety of products, including tile, pottery, bricks, and abrasive materials.
