Groundwater and Hydrogeology Expedition
Groundwater and hydrogeology is a relatively new field of science, focusing on the study of underground water and the interactions between groundwater and surface water. Groundwater is an important resource on Earth, providing both drinking water and essential habitat and species of groundwater dependent organisms. Understanding how groundwater works, and how human activity affects groundwater movements and resource availability, is essential to preserving groundwater resources.
Groundwater exploration begins with the collection of data to map the subsurface. The data is collected using geophysical instruments, geochemical analyses, mapping methods, and drilling. The data is then used to create a three-dimensional map of the subsurface structure, which is then used to select optimal drill sites for exploratory drilling.
Exploratory drilling for groundwater is a common practice in many parts of the world and involves drilling wells to depths of hundreds or thousands of feet to characterize geological and hydrological features. These wells can be an expensive and time-consuming process, and it is essential that they are carefully planned to ensure the best possible data collection. Drilling techniques and borehole logging methods can vary, depending on the purpose of the drilling. Common techniques for hydrogeological studies include sonic drilling and acoustic imaging, wireline logging and rotary drilling.
Data collected by drilling can include geophysical measurements, soil samples and groundwater samples. Geophysical data collected by drilling can include velocity, resistivity, gamma ray and other measurements that can provide information on subsurface soil and rock properties and hydrological conditions. Soil samples can provide useful information on the composition of soils, groundwater salinity and contamination levels, while groundwater samples are used to measure water quality and levels of dissolved minerals.
The data collected by drilling is used to build a three-dimensional hydrological and geological model of the subsurface. This model is used to evaluate possible sources of groundwater, the volume of water available and the likely effects of human activities on the groundwater system. With the help of drilling and a comprehensive hydrological and geological model, it is possible to make informed decisions about water resources management and development.
Groundwater exploration is a crucial step in the preservation of groundwater resources. Through proper exploration, data can be collected to assess current groundwater conditions as well as the potential for new aquifers or other areas for groundwater recharge. The data collected from drilling can also be used to inform decisions about water resources management, such as development of new water sources, storage facilities and treatment systems. Proper exploration and monitoring of groundwater resources can help to ensure that water remains a vital resource for generations to come.
