Industry Standard Specifications for General Machinery (3)
1. Classification of machine tools
Machine tools can be divided into three categories according to their main functions: metal cutting machine tools, metal forming machine tools and special machine tools.
1.1 Metal cutting machine tools
The main function of metal cutting machine tools is to cut and process metals, plastics and composite parts. It includes turning machine tools, drilling machine tools, milling machine tools, grinding machine tools, sawing machine tools, boring machine tools and broaching machine tools, etc.
1.2 Metal forming machine tools
The main function of metal forming machine tools is to make various kinds of parts according to their shape, size and other technical requirements. It includes stamping machine tools, forging machine tools, pressing machine tools and rolling machine tools, etc.
1.3 Special machine tools
Special machine tools are mainly used to process special parts, complex surfaces and parts which can not be processed by ordinary machine tools, such as NC numerically controlled machine tools.
2. Requirements for accuracy and reliability
In order for the machine tools to meet the requirements of processing parts, the accuracy and reliability of both the machine tool and its accessories must be ensured.
2.1 Accuracy
The performance, accuracy and reliability of any machine tool are typically indicated by a number of parameters, such as cutting tool and machining accuracy, speed, rigidity and size, which are determined by the requirements of the parts to be processed.
2.2 Reliability
The reliability of the machine tool is mainly determined by the method and process of manufacturing, and the quality of the materials used. Reliability is a measure of the amount of time that has elapsed before a part of the machine has failed due to wear and tear.
3. Basic working principles
The basic working principle of a machine tool is that when a workpiece is placed on the spindle, different cutting tools and abrasives are used to process the workpiece according to its shape and size requirements, after which the machined surface is achieved.
3.1 Cutting
Cutting is a basic machining process by which various kinds of shapes, sizes, tolerances, surface roughness and positions are processed in a piece.
3.2 Bending
Bending is a kind of cold forming process in which a sheet metal or strip is subjected to a force to bend it into a desired shape.
3.3 Forging
Forging is a process of forming metals or alloys by heating and then placing them in a mould which impart a desired shape and size.
3.4 Drilling
Drilling is a machining process in which a hole is made by the act of rotation and pressure applied to the cutting tool.
4. Safety and environmental protection requirements
In order for the machine tools to be operated safely and effectively, they must be designed and manufactured in accordance with the relevant safety and environmental protection standards.
4.1 Safety
The safety requirements of machine tools must ensure personnel safety and the prevention of accidents during operation, operation and maintenance.
4.2 Environmental protection
The environmental protection requirements of machine tools must ensure that emissions comply with environmental protection standards and that any environmental pollution caused by the operation of machine tools is minimized.
5. Control and automation requirements
The control and automation of sophisticated machine tools are provided by a variety of digital circuits, components and software control systems.
5.1 Digital control system
The digital control system is a combination of micro-computers, electronic components and related software that controls the machines output in order to achieve high precision, repeatability and speed.
5.2 Automation system
The automation system is mainly used for automatic production and operation, and can realize the integration of machines, materials and management.
6. Maintenance requirements
Maintenance is essential for the safe and efficient operation of a machine tool. Regular maintenance helps to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the machine tool and to extend its service life.
6.1 Cleaning
Cleaning is necessary to ensure that the machine is free from dust and debris, which can affect the accuracy of the machine and the quality of the parts being processed.
6.2 Lubrication
Lubrication is necessary to ensure that the parts are working properly and that their accuracy and surface quality are not compromised. It should be done at regular intervals according to the specification of the machine.
6.3 Visual inspection
A daily visual inspection should be done to ensure that all parts are functioning properly, and any wear and tear parts should be replaced as soon as possible.
In conclusion, the machine tools should be designed, constructed and operated in accordance with the requirements of the industry standards, in order to ensure safety, reliability, accuracy and environmental protection.
