Bituminous coal, also known as soft coal, is a relatively hard, black sedimentary rock used as a fuel in different industries. It is of higher quality compared to lignite and sub-bituminous coal due to the higher carbon content and a calorific value of 28-33MJ/kg. It has the characteristics of a durable energy source due to its abundance and availability, as well as its affordability and high output.
Bituminous coal is formed when previous driftwood, ferns, and zooplankton is subjected to heat and pressure. Over millions of years, this material is slowly compressed and transformed into coal. This coal typically contains two to three times the carbon content of lignite and is a major source of energy used to fuel power plants and industrial plants.
Because of its abundant availability, the cost of bituminous coal is relatively low. Hence, it is a very cost-effective choice when it comes to heating and cooking. Compared to lignite and sub-bituminous coal, it has higher heat content and burns for a much longer duration. However, bituminous coals produce less soot compared to other coals.
In terms of environmental concerns, bituminous coal produces more carbon dioxide than lignite and sub-bituminous coal. Furthermore, when burned, it releases sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxides, and other pollutants into the atmosphere. This contributes to global warming, acid rain, and the destruction of the ozone layer.
Bituminous coal is used in a variety of ways, such as fuel for factories, power plants, and homes. It is also used in the production of coke and steel. Bituminous coal is an integral part of the current world energy system, and its underground reserves could last for many centuries.
Bituminous coal is an economical energy source and has been used since the 19th century. It is abundant and widely available, so it remains a popular choice in many applications. However, its use also comes with significant environmental drawbacks, including the release of dangerous pollutants. Nevertheless, the advantages of using bituminous coal outweigh the disadvantages, making it an important part of the present-day energy landscape.
