Operating Assets
Operating assets are important resources to any business, whether small or large scale. They are the tangible and intangible resources necessary for carrying out and maintaining day-to-day operations. Operating assets include cash, inventories, receivables, plant and equipment, intangibles, and other related items. Operating assets demonstrate a company’s ability to generate and collect cash from operations, meet commitments to creditors and suppliers, and finance short-term needs.
Cash refers to readily available funds that a business can access to pay bills, meet obligations and invest. These funds include checking and savings accounts, money market accounts and certificates of deposits (CDs). Cash must be available when needed to pay debts, make payroll and purchase inventory.
Inventories are goods or materials that a company uses to produce or resell products or services to customers. These goods consist of raw materials, finished goods, goods in process and products for resale. Inventories must be managed carefully to ensure that inventory costs don’t become excessive.
Receivables are amounts owed to a business in the form of bills, notes and loans by customers who have purchased goods or services from the company on credit. Accounts receivable are assets to the business so long as collection of those debts is reasonably assured in the near future.
Plant and equipment include assets such as land, buildings, furniture and fixture and equipment used in the business. These items are usually purchased at an initial cost that depreciates over the life of the asset, although some assets may appreciate in value.
Intangible operating assets are those assets that have little or no cost and cannot be seen or touched. These assets include customer lists, copyrights, trademarks and customer loyalty. These intangibles are the value-adding attributes that the business offers to its customers.
Other operating assets can include prepaid expenses, deferred charges, customer deposits and non-cash items such as services and stock options. These non-cash items require special accounting rules to be accurately included in the business’s financial records.
Effective management of operating assets is essential to the success of any business. Having the right mix of operating assets, in the right amounts and at the right times, maximizes the business’s productive output, resulting in greater profits and cash flow. Having adequate current assets improves the business’s credit rating and increases its access to capital. Understanding and monitoring operating assets helps entrepreneurs and business owners to use them to realize the full potential of their business.