Numerical Control (NC) and Computer Numerical Control (CNC)
Numerical control (NC) and computer numerical control (CNC) are two similar processes used in manufacturing, but with CNC becoming the preferred method. NC is the process of controlling a machine tool’s movement through pre-programmed commands like numbers, letters, and symbols. These commands are located on punched paper tape and sent to the machine tool. CNC is the computer-based version of NC, utilizing automation through computers to control the machine tool. CNC technology also includes computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM).
NC was initially used in the 1950s in the aircraft industry, helping to produce and manufacture more intricate parts that were previously impossible to create. This process increased the accuracy and repeatability of machined parts with its use of complex movements and programming. With the increasing capabilities of computers and automated technology, CNC machines were introduced in the 1970s and quickly grabbed the interest of the manufacturing and production industries.
CNC machines are more efficient and accurate than traditional machine tools, since they can create intricate parts with a higher degree of accuracy than manual machines. This increased accuracy, combined with the enhanced repeatability and improved speed, helps CNC machines have a faster production process with fewer errors and errors that are able to be corrected quickly.
CNC machines also save time by not having to reset the machine manually each time a part is to be machined. This is due to the stored programs, allowing the machine to remember the commands and automatically move the cutting tool to the proper position. This is known as tool path programming and is used by CNC machines as an efficient means to program hundreds of parts with one single program.
CNC technology can also help reduce material waste by being able to precisely machine each piece without the need for reworks. Its accuracy also allows for tight tolerances, which can help the milled part better fit into the production process. It can also help with tooling costs by not having to replace tools frequently with its more efficient cutting. This can even be seen with CNC machining centers that use a single spindle and tool, eliminating the need to ever stop and change tools.
Overall, CNC technology has become the preferred method in manufacturing, as its automated processes have proven to offer faster production rates, increased accuracy and repeatability, and less material and tool waste. This makes CNC machines the more efficient and reliable option when producing parts with complex shapes, tight tolerances, and close dimensional requirements. CNC has become an invaluable growth tool in the manufacturing industry, as it has allowed to exponentially increase the production and profitability of many businesses while also improving their quality control.
