CNC Horizontal Lathe and Its Application
1 Introduction
Computer numerical control (CNC) horizontal lathes are a part of the historical evolution of machine tools, from manual lathes to earlier computer-aided numerical control (CNC) lathes, plus enhanced machining capabilities for complex parts. CNC horizontal lathes are used for the production of precision parts in high volumes. They have the capability to cut a range of materials with optimal accuracy. This article provides an overview of the major categories of CNC horizontal lathes and the application of these machines to major industries.
2 CNC Horizontal Lathe Categories
CNC horizontal lathes are classified into two major categories—single-spindle and multi-spindle. Single-spindle lathes typically feature full machining capabilities, including turning, drilling, reaming, tapping, and threading. Multi-spindle models usually feature similar but less expansive machining capabilities. Both types feature multiple spindles, enabling more complex parts to move through the machine more quickly.
Single-spindle CNC lathes feature a motor-driven workpiece spindle that spins the material at a specified speed. A tailstock holds the tooling and advances the material to the spindle. This type of machine is primarily used for machining simple parts, such as nuts, bolts, and screws with minimal complexity.
Multi-spindle CNC horizontal lathes use two or more spindle slides to provide a superior level of machining accuracy and repeatability. Each slide holds multiple cutting tools, and the material is loaded or unloaded from the machine using a basket or pallet. This type of machine is typically used for machining complex parts, such as cylinders and shafts.
3 CNC Horizontal Lathe Advantages
CNC horizontal lathes offer numerous advantages over their manual and CNC predecessors. Firstly, they are more productive than their predecessors, with higher throughputs and faster turnaround times. This productivity enables an increased rate of production and ultimately reduces labor costs.
Furthermore, a CNC horizontal lathe is exceptionally accurate. This enables it to produce parts that are identical in terms of size, shape, and surface finish. As a result, they are ideal for producing large volumes of identical parts in short lead times.
CNC horizontal lathes also feature flexible and simple programming. This allows users to quickly and easily change tooling and adjust the cutting parameters to accommodate different material types and part complexity. Additionally, CNC horizontal lathes are increasingly being fitted with automated processes and capabilities to support different machining requirements.
4 CNC Horizontal Lathe Applications
CNC horizontal lathes are extensively used in a variety of different industries, including auto parts manufacturing, aerospace, medical, defense, and oil and gas. The medical industry uses CNC horizontal lathes for the production of precision-machined medical components, including orthopedic implants, dental implants, and prosthetic device components.
In the automotive industry, CNC horizontal lathes are used for the production of transmission and suspension components, such as bearing journals and stem caps. Similarly, they are used in the aerospace sector for the production of aircraft components.
CNC horizontal lathes are also used in industrial applications such as the defense sector, oil and gas industry, and power generation plants. For example, CNC horizontal lathes are used to produce engineering components such as pumps and valves, as well as pressure vessels used in power generation.
5 Conclusion
CNC horizontal lathes are a key machine tool in a wide range of industries, from medical and aerospace to automotive and defense. These precision machines offer superior machining accuracy, flexibility, and high rates of productivity. As a result, these machines are used for the production of a variety of precision parts in many industries.
