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Synchronous and Cascade Control of CNC System
Introduction
Computer numerical control (CNC) systems are an essential part of modern manufacturing. CNC systems are used to control processes such as drilling, cutting, molding, and bending. As these operations become increasingly complex, there is a need for high-level control systems to manage them. To achieve this, CNC systems have developed two types of control systems: synchronous and cascaded. Synchronous control is when each of the processes must be synchronized in order to produce a desired result, while cascade control allows one process to control a sequence of operations. In this paper, we will discuss the differences between synchronous and cascaded control, what each system is used for, and how they are implemented in CNC systems.
Synchronous Control
Synchronous control is a type of control that requires all processes to be synchronized. This type of control is used when all of the processes must be performed at exactly the same time in order to produce a desired result. In order for synchronous control to work, all of the processes must be matched in advance and the controller must be able to monitor the progress of the processes.
For example, synchronous control is often used for machining operations. In a machining operation, the tool must move at the same rate, with the same angular velocity, and with the same distance for each cut. In this type of operation, all of the movements can be synchronized using a control system.
Cascade Control
Cascade control is a type of control that allows one process to control a sequence of operations. This type of control is used when the results of one process can affect the performance of a subsequent process. For example, if a tool is cutting at different depths, then the next cut must adjust to the changes in the first cut. In this case, a cascade control system can be used to adjust all of the parameters in the sequence, such as the rate and depth of each cut.
Cascade control can also be used to monitor processes that are not necessarily synchronized. A common example is the monitoring of a robotic arm. In this case, the parameters of the robotic arm, such as its position and velocity, can be monitored and adjusted by the controller at set intervals.
Implementation
CNC systems use both synchronous and cascaded control. In order to achieve a desired result, the CNC system must first determine the desired parameters of each process, as well as the order in which they will be performed. This information is then sent to a controller, which is responsible for monitoring the progress of each process and making any necessary adjustments.
The synchronous and cascaded control systems are both implemented in CNC systems using a combination of hardware and software. The hardware includes sensors, motors, and actuators, which are responsible for measuring and controlling the processes. The software consists of a program that communicates with the hardware, allowing the CNC system to monitor and adjust the processes as needed.
Conclusion
Synchronous and cascaded control are two types of control used in CNC systems. Synchronous control is used when all of the processes must be synchronized in order to produce a desired result, while cascade control allows one process to control a sequence of operations. CNC systems use a combination of hardware and software to implement both synchronous and cascaded control, allowing for precise control of the processes.
