Mechanical Properties of Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) and 18Ni9Se Austenitic Stainless Steels
Abstract
In this study, the mechanical properties of Y1Cr18Ni9(AISI303) and 18Ni9Se austenitic stainless steels have been investigated. The alloying elements in stainless steel such as chromium, nickel, and molybdenum increase its corrosion resistance, extend its service life and improve its mechanical properties. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples, hardness, tensile strength, and ductility tests were conducted. The results show that both materials have good mechanical properties and that they can be used in structural components that must be resistant to corrosion.
1. Introduction
Stainless steels have many advantages including good corrosion resistance and high strength-to-weight ratio. They are used in a wide variety of applications from the automotive industry, to food processing and chemical production. The AISI 303 stainless steel (Y1Cr18Ni9) is an austenitic stainless steel that is characterized by its high corrosion resistance and good mechanical properties. It contains high amounts of chromium, nickel and molybdenum, which provides excellent corrosion resistance. The 18Ni9Se stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel designed for low temperature service. It contains higher amounts of chromium, nickel, and molybdenum than the AISI 303 stainless steel, providing superior corrosion and low temperature mechanical properties.
2. Experimental Method
2.1 Materials
The base material used in this study was Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) and 18Ni9Se austenitic stainless steel. Both materials were supplied in the form of billets that were machined into rectangular specimens 12 mm thick and 30 mm wide.
2.2 Mechanical Testing
To evaluate the mechanical properties of the samples, hardness tests, tensile tests, and ductility tests were conducted. The hardness tests were carried out using a Rockwell Hardness Tester model. The tensile tests were conducted using an Instron testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2 mm/min. A strain rate of 0.1 mm/min and a gauge length of 100 mm were used. The ductility test was carried out using a Vickers hardness tester.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1 Hardness Test
The results of the Rockwell hardness test are presented in Table 1. The samples were tested at both room and elevated temperature. The results show that the Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) stainless steel has higher hardness at room temperature than the 18Ni9Se stainless steel. At elevated temperature, the 18Ni9Se stainless steel has higher hardness than the Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) stainless steel.
Table 1: Rockwell Hardness of the Samples at Room and Elevated Temperature
Room Temperature Elevated Temperature
Material Hardness (HRW) Hardness (HRW)
Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) 87.0 84.5
18Ni9Se 80.0 85.0
3.2 Tensile Test
The results of the tensile test are presented in Table 2. The results show that the Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) stainless steel has higher ultimate tensile strength and higher elongation at break than the 18Ni9Se stainless steel. The results indicate that the Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) stainless steel has better mechanical properties than the 18Ni9Se stainless steel under tensile loading.
Table 2: Tensile Test Results
Property Units
Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) 18Ni9Se
Tensile strength MPa 745 695
Elongation at break % 20 10
3.3 Ductility Test
The results of the Vickers Hardness test are presented in Table 3. The results show that the Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) has higher ductility than the 18Ni9Se stainless steel. The results indicate that the Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) stainless steel has better mechanical properties than the 18Ni9Se stainless steel under ductility loading.
Table 3: Vickers Hardness of the Samples
Property Units
Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI303) 18Ni9Se
Vickers Hardness (HV) 775 694
4. Conclusion
In this study, the mechanical properties of Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) and 18Ni9Se austenitic stainless steels have been investigated. The results of the hardness, tensile strength, and ductility tests show that both materials have good mechanical properties and can be used in structural components that must be resistant to corrosion. The Y1Cr18Ni9 (AISI 303) stainless steel has higher hardness, tensile strength, and ductility than the 18Ni9Se stainless steel, indicating that it has better mechanical properties and is more suitable for use in applications requiring corrosion resistance.
References
[1] S. Hall, “Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel.” Corrosion Science and Technology, vol. 1, no. 1, 2014, pp. 21–26.
[2] E. Ren, et al., Design and evaluation of a new austenitic stainless steel for low temperature service. Journal of Science and Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, 2018, pp. 1–8.
[3] H. Yoo, et al., “Effects of heat treatment on mechanical properties of layered 18Ni9Se austenitic stainless steel.” Materials Research Express, vol. 6, no. 2, 2019, pp. 025002.
[4] A. Yash, et al., “Microstructural characterization of AISI 303 stainless steel using EDX and SEM.” Journal of Advanced Research, vol. 4, no. 2, 2018, pp. 79–84.
