Graphite
Graphite is an allotrope of carbon that has the unique property of forming flat sheets. It has been used by humans for centuries, and has become an essential component of many industrial processes. It is mainly used as a lubricant, but it also has many other applications, including electrical and thermal insulation, desiccants, filtration media, and electrodes.
Graphite is composed of hydrophobic layers of carbon atoms connected by strong bonds in a hexagonal lattice. It is usually grey to black in color and has a hardness of 1.2-2.0 on the Mohs scale. It has low thermal conductivity and high electrical conductivity. Due to its layered structure, graphite is also an excellent thermal insulator. Different varieties of graphite have different properties and applications including artificial graphite, natural graphite, and graphite composites.
Natural graphite is mined from deposits found in many locations around the world. It can be purified, ground and put into various shapes for use. Artificial graphites are synthetically produced in a variety of ways, including the formation of graphite by burning hydrocarbons in a furnace.
Graphite is often used as a lubricant due to its low friction properties. It is also used as a filter material and has been known to reduce filter clogging by adsorbing suspended particles. Additionally, graphite can be used for high temperature bearings, furnace parts and tools. It is also used for electrical and thermal insulation, and as electrodes or desiccants.
Due to its layered structure, graphite can be made into a variety of shapes and sizes. It is also very durable, so it can be used in high stress and high temperature environments. Graphite is used as a self-lubricating material, which makes it a popular choice for use in engines, turbines, and machines. Graphite is also used in nuclear power plants, as it has the ability to absorb neutrons.
Graphite has many uses in various industries. It can be used to make crucibles, molds and refractories, as well as batteries, brakes, seals and gaskets. Graphite composites are also used in making aircraft and aerospace components, and in making sporting goods.
Graphite has many benefits, as it is strong yet lightweight, has low friction, is corrosion resistant and an excellent thermal insulator. It is also cost effective and long lasting. Due to its versatility and multiple uses, graphite is a very valuable component of many industrial products.