Metrology
Metrology is the scientific study and practice of measurements and units of measurement. It is the branch of science concerned with standardizing and controlling measurements. It is the process of developing and applying methods, procedures and standards for physical, chemical, and other measurements and observations. Metrology is used to provide precision in a number of scientific disciplines, including chemistry, physics, engineering, and electronics.
The aim of metrology is to provide a definite system of measurements which are reliable and consistent. It is important to have an accurate system of measurement so that scientists, engineers, manufacturers and other stakeholders can make accurate and precise decisions in their respective fields. Metrology is used to ensure that measurements are taken with precision and with accuracy, to ensure the safety of any manufactured products.
The International System of Units (SI) is the most commonly used system of measurements worldwide. This system of measurements is based on seven base units—namely, the metre, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, mole and candela. These units are used to measure the base quantities of length, mass, time, electric current, temperature, amount of material and brightness, respectively.
Subsequently, the SI system also has derived units, derived from the seven base units. Examples of derived units include those of pressure, force, energy, electric charge and power. The SI system is highly complex and provides very precise measurements.
In terms of metrology, the primary goal is to ensure that the scientific measurements are exact and correct. This is done through the use of metrology instruments. Measurement instruments in metrology can range from something as simple as a ruler to an intricate and sophisticated machine such as an atomic force microscope. Accurate measurements, nonetheless, depend on the measurement instrument and the parameters involved.
Calibration plays an important role in the measurement process and ensures accuracy. Calibration involves running tests on instruments and their components to ascertain their accuracy, repeatability and stability. Calibration also helps in avoiding errors and inaccuracies in the measurement process. Calibration is conducted and documented by trained professionals who use quality measurement instruments.
Metrology has become increasingly important in the global economy due to advances in technology, manufacturing and engineering. Metrology has helped improve the quality and accuracy of a wide range of products and services, from computers to medical equipment and pharmaceuticals to food and beverage production. In the medical and pharmaceutical industry, metrology is critical in maintaining quality and safety standards, as inaccurate measures and poor calibration can have serious repercussions.
Metrology is providing an ever-increasing range of benefits to industry, science and society. Through continual improvements in measurement standards and technology, metrology is helping to shape our world and improve the quality of life.
