Classification and conversion relationship of metal hardness

Classification and Conversion Relationship of Metal Hardness

Metal hardness is a key property in metal materials. It is used to determine the ability of a material to resist plastic deformation when it is subjected to mechanical loading, and to measure the materials strength, rigidity and wear resistance. Generally, metal hardness is associated with the amount of force required to deform a material. The greater the force required to deform a material, the higher the metal hardness.

Metal hardness can be classified into two categories, namely, relative hardness (RB) and absolute hardness (HB). In general, relative hardness is determined by the evaluation to make relative comparisons between different materials, for example between stainless steels and aluminium alloys. Relative hardness is often expressed in the form of a rating or score, and various methods are used to calculate relative hardness, such as Rockwell, Vickers, Brinell and G-type scale. On the other hand, absolute hardness is expressed in terms of the amount of force that is required to deform a material, and various tests can be used to measure the absolute hardness of metal materials, such as the Shore scleroscope, the Leeb hardness tester, the Izod impact tester and the Ultrasonic Contact Impedance(UCI) apparatus.

The conversion between relative hardness (RB) and absolute hardness (HB) is based on the following three factors: the material properties, the test scale and the test method. For example, when converting Rockwell hardness to ultimate tensile strength, the material type must be known. The Rockwell and UTS scales must also be known, as well as the test method used. In general, the conversion factor is expressed in terms of a ratio or as an equation.

To summarize, metal hardness is a key property used to measure the rigidity, strength and wear resistance of metal materials. It can be classified into two types, relative hardness (RB) and absolute hardness (HB). The conversion between different hardness scales and test methods is based on the three factors of the material properties, the test scale and the test method.

Metal Hardness Classification And Conversion Relationship

Metal hardness is the ability of metals to resist abrasion and cutting. It is a physical property related to a metals deformation resistance, strength, and ductility. Hardness is an important characteristic that affects a metals suitability for machining, forming, heat treatment, and many other activities within the metalworking industry. Hardness is nondestructive in nature and its measurement is used to serve as an indication of the practical performance of a metal.

The common methods for measuring metal hardness include Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness and Rockwell Hardness. Each method is used for specific applications and materials.

The Brinell Hardness test uses a solid steel ball with a diameter of 10 mm and is used on metals of low to medium hardness. It is used on iron, steel and non-ferrous metals, and is generally not suitable for use on hardened steels due to its size.

The Vickers Hardness test is an extremely versatile test that can be used on a variety of materials. It uses a square based diamond indenter and is capable of testing materials of different shapes and sizes. It has a range of 420 to 700 HV and is considered a microhardness test.

The Rockwell Hardness test is a versatile test used for a wide range of metals. It uses a diamond pyramid indenter and is capable of testing a variety of materials from soft steels to hard steels. It has a range of 35 to 70 HRC and is considered a macrohardness test.

In order to effectively compare the results of these three hardness tests, a conversion table is typically used. This table reduces the different results into one common unit of measurement. This allows for a better comparison of the findings and therefore allowing for a better understanding of the materials being tested.

In conclusion, metal hardness is an important characteristic that affects a materials suitability in many areas of the metalworking industry. The three most common tests of metal hardness are the Brinell, Vickers and Rockwell Hardness tests. Each is used for specific applications and a conversion table is typically used in order to compare their results.