Natural graphite carbon phase
Graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon and is commonly referred to as ‘black lead’ or ‘plumbago’. Natural graphite is composed of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice with each carbon atom surrounded by three other carbon atoms in a plane, thus producing an extended three-dimensional structure. It is this three-dimensional structure that creates the extraordinary properties of graphite.
Graphite has existed for thousands of years. As one of the oldest naturally occurring mineral forms, it was recognized for its lubricating and coating properties in 1500 BC. Its use extended during the early Qing Dynasty to the production of lead and pencils.
Graphite occurs in four different crystalline forms; the most familiar of which is natural graphite which is known as ‘natural graphite carbon phase’. This is the form of graphite found in nature and is formed when the carbon atoms move around, resulting in a hexagonal lattice of planes stacked on top of each other. Natural graphite is a layered material and when viewed under an electron microscope, it is clear that the sheets of graphite have different thicknesses, these layers can be easy to pull apart and it is this property of natural graphite which makes it unique.
When the layers of natural graphite are pulled apart, nano-scale particles of graphite are formed which have a large surface area and a positively charged surface, allowing them to easily interact with other materials. This allows them to be used in a wide range of products from water proof coatings and plastics to advanced lithium ion batteries.
Natural graphite also has a number of other useful properties such as excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high resistance to corrosion and oxidation and high compression strength. Natural graphite can also be used to make anodes, materials for rechargeable batteries, abrasives and coatings in fuel cells.
In addition to these industrial applications, natural graphite has also found use in many recreational activities such as golf, skiing and bicycling. It can be used to make lightweight and durable skis and golf clubs, or to make the frames and parts of bicycles lighter and more responsive.
Overall, natural graphite carbon phase is a versatile material that has been widely used both industrially and recreationally. Its unique properties such as its high thermal and electrical conductivity, its resistance to corrosion and oxidation and its ability to be easily shaped make it desirable for many industries. It is also used recreationally as a lightweight and durable material that is ideal for sports applications.
