Types of Short-term Notes
Short-term notes are a type of financial instrument used to finance the day-to-day operations of businesses. Generally, they are issued by larger companies, banks and other financial institutions. Short-term notes are also issued by government entities like municipalities, counties and states.
Short-term notes are divided into several subcategories. These are short-term commercial paper, bankers acceptances, certificates of deposits, and repurchase agreements. Each of these types of short-term notes have different characteristics and involve different risks.
Short-term commercial paper (CP) is a type of short-term debt issued by businesses or large companies. Commercial paper is unsecured, meaning that the money raised is not backed by an asset. Companies typically use CP as a source of financing because it is very inexpensive compared to bank loans. CP has a maturity date that is typically one year or less.
Bankers’ acceptances (BAs) are a type of short-term note that is guaranteed by a large bank. The issuing company will present the bank with a bill of exchange which is accepted by the bank and then the bank agrees to pay the full amount of the note when it matures. BAs are typically used to finance imports and exports.
Certificates of deposit (CDs) are a type of short-term note that is issued by banks and other financial institutions, and are only available to customers. CDs are time deposits, meaning they are locked in for a predetermined period of time and the customer cannot withdraw the funds until the CD matures. CDs often have higher interest rates than other types of short-term notes, making them attractive to investors looking for higher returns.
Repurchase agreements (RPAs) are a type of short-term debt instrument that involves buying securities with a promise to sell them back at a specified time and price. RPAs are typically used by hedge funds and other investors to take advantage of short-term interest rate fluctuations.
Short-term notes can be an effective source of financing for companies of all sizes. By understanding the different types of notes and the risks associated with each, investors and companies can make informed decisions and minimize their risk exposure.