Overview of Numerically Controlled Technology Terms
Numerically Controlled (NC) technology is used in a variety of industries for a wide range of operations. It is widely used in industrial manufacturing, as it enables precise accuracy, faster production, and cost savings. As with any field, there is a set of terms and definitions used to explain the functions and processes of NC technology. This article provides an overview of some of the most common NC technology terms and their meanings.
CNC: Stands for Computer Numerical Control. This type of NC machine is operated and controlled by a computer that performs complex motions, utilizing a series of programmed instructions.
FANUC: A leading manufacturer of CNC machinery and controls. FANUC is responsible for the development of numerous industrial robots and automation systems.
Machining: This term refers to the process of cutting material with a cutting tool to achieve a desired shape or form. This can be done with a variety of different methods and tools, such as drilling, milling, grinding, and sawing.
Toolpath: Toolpath refers to a pre-programmed set of instructions that is used to control the speed and direction of a CNC machine for a given machining task. Toolpaths are typically saved in a numerical control file, and can be used to repeat the same task multiple times.
Feedrate: The speed at which a cutting tool moves across the workpiece during a machining operation. The feedrate is typically adjusted and controlled by a CNC machine based on the programmed toolpath.
CAD/CAM Software: CAD/CAM software (Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing) is used in the creation and programming of CNC toolpaths.
Contouring: The process of following a desired path with a cutting tool. This is done to control the shape and contour of the workpiece.
DNC (Direct Numerical Control): DNC is the transmission of the CNC program from a computer system to a CNC machine. This process allows for multiple machines to run from a single program, which increases efficiency and accuracy.
G Code: G code is the language of CNC machines. It is a series of instructions that are used to control the machine for a given operation.
Lathe: A machine tool used to shape a cylindrical piece of material through the rotation of the workpiece. This is done by holding a cutting tool that cuts along the length of the workpiece.
Spindle: The spindle is a rotating part of the machine that holds the cutting tool.
Axis: Refers to the line of movement that a cutting tool can traverse on a machine. This is usually represented as X, Y or Z coordinates.
Positioning: This is the process of controlling the precise position of the tool, relative to the workpiece. This is important for ensuring the accuracy of the machining operation.
Workholding: Refers to the clamping or securing of the workpiece in place for machining operations. This ensures accuracy and eliminates vibration.
Cutting Tools: These are the tools that are used to perform machining operations on a workpiece. Cutting tools can be made of a variety of materials, such as carbide, ceramic, and high-speed steel.
Surface Finish: Surface finish is an indication of the roughness or smoothness of the surface of the workpiece. It is measured in micrometers or microinches.
Tolerance: Tolerance is a measurement of the allowable deviation from the desired specification. It is used to ensure the quality of machined parts.
These are just a few of the terms used to explain NC technology and processes. This article provides an overview of the most commonly used terms, but there are many more that are used in the industry. It is important to gain an understanding of the terminology used in order to accurately program and operate a CNC machine.
