Engineering Survey And Measurement
Engineering surveying and measurement is seen as key area of construction in countries around the world. Engineering survey involves the measurement and mapping of the land, setting out of construction sites, and the cross-checking of other engineering works. Measurement is the process of determining the measurements of a certain object or point in civil engineering, construction and land surveying.
Engineering survey is an important aspect of any engineering project. It includes the evaluation, measurement and assessment of the physical characteristics of the project, including land area, geophysical conditions, topography, and appropriate levels of risk. Surveyors establish coordinate reference systems and use specialized instruments such as theodolites, which are used to measure horizontal and vertical angles.
When measuring distances, engineers often use total stations, which also measures the elevation of distant objects. Survey results can then be expressed in graphical form, giving engineers the data they need for their analysis and calculations.
Another important use of engineering survey and measurement is to determine the contours of the land by establishing the horizontal and vertical relationships of various points on the surface of the earth. This type of survey technique is often used when designing construction sites or planning new roads or railways. For this, laser and radar devices are used to accurately measure distances between points. In addition, these devices also enable surveyors to measure the heights of buildings, bridges, and other fixed objects.
The surveying and measurement of land also play an important role in geophysical studies, cartography and hydrography. These studies help engineers determine the feasibility and safety of a proposed construction project. For example, the survey and mapping of flood plains and river channels help engineers decide where the best sites are for constructing a dam or a bridge. Furthermore, measurements of wind, currents, and tides are important when designing port facilities.
Engineering surveying and measurement is also used in land surveying, resource management, and soil science. Land surveyors and geographers use these techniques to accurately delineate the boundaries of a property. This includes the mapping of the boundaries from land records and the identification of important features such as trees and streams. Resource management executives and soil scientists use engineering surveying and measurements to assess and manage the environment, including soil and water quality, landfills, and land use.
In conclusion, engineering survey and measurement is a key discipline in civil engineering, construction, and land survey projects as it provides engineers with data on the physical characteristics of the project, as well as accurate measurements of land contours and other features. The use of surveyors and specialized instruments such as theodolites and total stations, along with laser and radar devices, has not only made the accuracy of the work much higher but has also saved large amounts of money and time. Finally, engineering survey and measurement is an important tool in land survey, resource management, and soil science.
