copper and copper alloys
Copper and its alloys are some of the most versatile materials known to man and are used in a multitude of products, from kitchen sinks to facial implants, electrical wiring to jewellery. Throughout history, copper and its alloys have played an essential role in shaping our world.
Copper is a naturally occurring element (Cu on the Periodic Table), is one of only a few elements to exist in its pure form in nature. It is also one of the most malleable, ductile and thermally conductive of all metals, properties that have served some of its most noble uses.
Copper and its alloys, generally classified as copper-base alloys, are broken down into red metals (copper and copper alloy) and non-ferrous metals (other than iron or steel). Within the group of red metals, there are two major classifications of copper alloys - brass and bronze. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc, and bronze is an alloy of copper, tin and other elements. Also included in this group are copper-nickel alloys, which are known for their corrosion resistance.
Most copper used today is produced from mined copper ore, which is then smelted and refined. Copper that is produced in this way is referred to as primary copper. Secondary copper is copper that is produced from recycled copper products and other copper materials that may contain trace amounts of copper.
Brass
Brass is probably the most common of copper alloys and is an alloy of copper and zinc. It is also sometimes referred to as yellow brass, due to its yellowish hue. Brass is a relatively malleable and ductile alloy, making it easier to shape and work with than many other metals. It is also relatively resistant to corrosion and other forms of wear and tear.
Brass is used in many industries, from plumbing and electrical to musical instruments and decoration. It can also be seen in door fittings, coins and architectural elements.
Bronze
Bronze is an alloy of copper, tin and other elements, such as aluminum or silicon. It has a golden hue and is both strong and ductile. Bronze is popular in the maritime and engineering industries, as its resistance to corrosion makes it ideal for seawater applications. As well as being used in ships and other structures, bronze is also used in sculpture, coins and architectural elements.
Copper-Nickel Alloys
Copper-nickel alloys are composed of copper and nickel, with other elements added in some cases. This type of alloy is known for its high corrosion resistance and strength. It is frequently used in marine applications, such as vessels and piping, and is also used in electrical wiring and other applications.
Conclusion
Copper and its alloys have been used throughout history and have played an essential role in shaping our world. Copper is malleable, ductile and thermally conductive and is used in a variety of industries and applications. Copper alloys come in two main forms - brass and bronze - and copper-nickel alloys are known for their corrosion resistance.
