Introduction
Learning a new language can be a difficult process. The first step, however, is understanding the terminology associated with the language. A sound knowledge of the vocabulary of the language is necessary in making the process easier. This is especially true when learning mathematical and statistical terminology.
In this article, we will provide a glossary of essential mathematical and statistical terms and their translations into English. We hope that this can help make the learning process easier for you.
Definition:
Algorithm: An algorithm is a set of instructions that can be used to solve a problem. It is a sequence of steps and is usually computer-based.
Translation: 算法
Axis: An axis is a line in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional space that is used to identify points and coordinates on a particular plane.
Translation: 轴
Bar Graph: A bar graph is a chart or graph that uses bars of different heights or widths to show comparisons or contrasts among categories.
Translation: 条形图
Calculator: A calculator is a device used to perform basic math calculations.
Translation: 计算器
Correlation: Correlation is a relationship between two or more variables, such that when one variable changes, the other variable changes in a predictable way.
Translation: 相关性
Data: Data is information that is collected, organized, and processed. It can be used to make decisions and predictions.
Translation: 数据
Degree of Freedom: Degree of freedom is a measure of the number of values used in estimating the parameters of a model. The degree of freedom determines the number of independent pieces of evidence used to reach a conclusion.
Translation: 自由度
Empirical: Empirical is data that is derived from experiments, tests, and observations.
Translation: 经验
Estimate: An estimate is an approximate calculation of the expected outcome of a problem or situation.
Translation: 估计
Frequency Distribution: A frequency distribution is a table that displays the number of occurrences, or frequencies, of each value or range of values in a dataset.
Translation: 频率分布
Gaussian Curve: A Gaussian curve is a bell-shaped curve that is used to describe the frequency of a continuous variable.
Translation: 高斯曲线
Histogram: A histogram is a type of graph that uses bars to display frequencies of specific ranges of values in a dataset.
Translation: 直方图
Identity Function: An identity function is a mathematical function that returns the same value as its input. For example, f(x) = x is an identity function.
Translation: 同一函数
Interquartile Range: The interquartile range is a measure of variability in a dataset and is defined as the difference between the upper and lower quartiles.
Translation: 四分位差
Linear Regression: Linear regression is a statistical technique that is used to model the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable.
Translation: 线性回归
Mean: The mean is a measure of central tendency and is calculated by adding all values in a dataset and dividing by the number of observations in the dataset.
Translation: 平均数
Mode: The mode is a measure of central tendency and is defined as the most frequently occurring value in a dataset.
Translation: 众数
Normal Distribution: The normal distribution is a type of probability distribution that is defined by a bell-shaped curve.
Translation: 正态分布
Outlier: An outlier is an observation in a dataset that lies far away from other observations, and is typically considered to be an abnormality or error.
Translation: 异常值
Predictive Model: A predictive model is a mathematical model used to generate predictions about the future.
Translation: 预测模型
Quantile: A quantile is a statistical value that divides a dataset into equal parts.
Translation: 分位数
Random Variable: A random variable is a variable that is defined over a range of possible values and each value is associated with a probability.
Translation: 随机变量
Scatter Plot: A scatter plot is a type of graph used to display the relationship between two numerical variables.
Translation: 散点图
Statistical Inference: Statistical inference is a process of drawing conclusions about a population from a sample of data.
Translation: 统计推论
Variance: The variance is a measure of the spread of a dataset and is calculated by finding the average of the squared differences between each data point and the mean.
Translation: 方差
Conclusion
The glossary provided above is only a starting point for learning mathematical and statistical terminology. As you progress through your studies, you will undoubtedly come across more terms and concepts that will be vital to your success.
We hope that this glossary will be helpful as you begin your journey towards an understanding of mathematics and statistics. Good luck and happy learning!
