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1.Introduction
Pressure vessels are widely used in various industries, such as the metallurgical, petroleum, chemical, energy, pharmaceutical and military industries. Pressure vessels are used for carrying a variety of gases and liquids, and have the characteristics of pressure retention, strong corrosion resistance, easy operation and convenient maintenance. It plays an important role in maintaining the normal production of industrial safety. For this reason, the safety technical supervision of pressure vessels must be seriously inspected in the whole process of production, assembly and use, so as to improve the safety performance of pressure vessels. This paper introduces the development process of the safety technical supervision regulations of pressure vessels in China and then discusses the specific principles and regulations.
2.Development process of the Safety Technical Supervision Regulations of Pressure Vessels in China
The safety technical supervision regulations of pressure vessels in China have gone through several stages of development since 1949.
The first stage began in July 1949 when China enacted the Safety Regulations for Railway Standby Cars, Chinese-Speaking Areas. Later, the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army formulated and promulgated the Safety Technical Supervision Regulations of Pressure Vessels and Transports of the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army.
The second stage began in June 1980, when the Ministry of Machinery Industry of the People’s Republic of China promulgated the first integrated national pressure vessel safety regulations: ”Safety Technical Supervision Regulations for Pressure Vessels”. The regulations prescribed in detail the requirements for the safety inspection of pressure vessels, including the requirements for structural design, materials, manufacturing, testing, acceptance, maintenance and operation. This was the first systematic, detailed and integrated safety regulations for pressure vessels in China.
The third stage started in August 2010, when the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the ”Technical Supervision Regulations for Pressure Vessels”. These regulations are more comprehensive, including requirements for the design, manufacture and assembly of pressure vessels. It also requires that the pressure vessels meet the national safety standards and that their safety supervision be enhanced during their manufacture and use.
3.Specific Principles and Regulations
The safety technical supervision regulations of pressure vessel are divided into three parts: design requirements, construction, manufacture and inspection requirements, and operation and maintenance requirements.
A. Design Requirements
The design of pressure vessels shall comply with the national safety standards, in accordance with the applicable regulations on strength calculation, as well as the design technical standards for pressure vessels. In addition, the design should be done with consideration for the characteristics of the medium, the temperature and pressure of the media, the operating conditions and other relevant factors.
B. Construction and Manufacturing Inspection Requirements
The production, manufacturing and assembly of pressure vessels shall be conducted under the supervision of a qualified engineering personnel. The current national standards shall be followed in the materials, production processes, welding, non-destructive testing, etc. In addition, the assembly and installation of pressure vessels shall comply with the current national and industry codes and any other related regulations.
C. Operation and Maintenance Requirements
The operation and maintenance of pressure vessels shall be conducted in accordance with their design purpose, designated procedures and other relevant regulations, and shall comply with the relevant regulations on the operation, maintenance, and inspection of pressure vessels. The pressure vessels shall be operated and maintained safely and correctly, and they shall not be misused or disassembled without authorization. The equipment and instruments that are used to detect pressure vessels shall be calibrated periodically and must be in good condition.
4.Conclusion
In conclusion, due to the vast application of pressure vessels, the safety technical supervision of pressure vessels has been paid attention to and the safety technical supervision regulations of pressure vessels in China have achieved great development. The safety technical supervision regulations of pressure vessels provide clear criteria for the design, construction, manufacturing, inspection and operation of pressure vessels, which can help to ensure the safe use of pressure vessels.
