Cutting Fluids in Machining and Its Selection
Cutting fluids are liquids applied to parts being machined to reduce friction, dissipate heat and flush away chips. The use of cutting fluids makes the machining process more efficient and reduces the wear on the cutting and grinding tools. The selection of the appropriate cutting fluid is a complex process, as there are many factors that must be considered.
The primary purpose of cutting fluids is to reduce friction and cooling to the tool bit and workpiece. This lubrication allows for more efficient and accurate cuts as well as extended tool life. In addition, cutting fluids act as a chip carrier. By carrying the chips away from the cutting area, the chips do not interfere with the cutting process or create a hazard.
When selecting a cutting fluid it is important to consider the type of machining that is being performed. Different cutting fluids are used for different applications and tools. For example, oil-based fluids are generally recommended for heavier-duty machining such as turning, milling, grinding, drilling and tapping. Water-soluble fluids are recommended for lighter-duty operations such as cutting, drilling and tapping of aluminum, brass and other non-ferrous metals.
In addition to the type of machining being performed, other factors should be considered when selecting a cutting fluid. These include the type and grade of the material being machined, the speed at which it is being machined, and any environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.
It is also important to consider the safety of the cutting fluid. It is recommended that fluids that don’t contain potentially hazardous materials such as oils, fats or acids be used. In addition, it is important to ensure that the fluid is compatible with the working area and materials.
Finally, it is important to consider the cost of the cutting fluid. It is important to balance between selecting a low cost fluid and selecting a fluid that is specifically designed for the task being performed. High performance fluids may cost more, but they can be more effective and efficient in the long run.
It is important to select the appropriate cutting fluid for any machining operations to maximize efficiency and safety. By considering the type of machining, material type, speed and environmental conditions, as well as the safety and cost of the fluid, you can ensure that you are using the best cutting fluid for the job.
