Introduction
The reclamation of tailings dam of non-ferrous metal mine and the restoration of ecosystem are of great significance for the sustainable development of mining industry and the environments healthy and stable development. This article will discuss about the technology of reclamation and ecological restoration of non-ferrous metal mine tailings dam.
Tailings Dam Reclamation Technology
The tailings dam of non-ferrous metal mines is typically built of earth and rock with clay and other impermeable materials to prevent seepage and as a barrier to rainwater and winter snow. Mining tailings are often acid and saline, and the water in the mine pond and the soil at the bottom of the dam must have a neutral to alkaline nature before the dam can be safely and successfully reclaimed.
The reclamation process of non-ferrous metal mine tailings dam usually includes the following four stages: soil assessment, soil treatment, soil replacement and plant planting.
Soil assessment is mainly to identify the content of toxic elements in the pond bottom of the tailings dam and to analyze the causes of acid water, then classify the tailings quality according to local standards.
Soil treatment is mainly to adjust the soil pH to neutral (PH value 6.5-7.5) or slightly alkaline (PH value 7.5-8.0). The soil treatment method mainly includes adjusting soil fertility, improving soil micro-organism activity, irrigating and draining, water level fluctuation management, control and treatment of rainwater, neutralization of acid water, and extraction and removal of acid sulphate soil.
Soil replacement refers to the process of replacing the surface soil of the tailings dam with fertile soil according to the fertility of the poverty soil in the tailings pond, so as to improve the fertility and make it suitable for plant growth.
Plant planting refers to the planting of suitable plants on the surface of the dam, improving the phytoremediation or soil improvement ability of the tailings pond, increasing the survival rate and growth of planted plants, and speeding up the remediation of tailings dam.
Eco-restoration Technology
Soils on the surface of the mine tailings dam can be planted after the reclamation work. It is recommended to select fast-growing and non-toxic varieties for planting, so that the soil can be improved as soon as possible, and the industrial pollution can be controlled reasonably.
In order to restore the ecological environment in the mining area, a number of methods, such as vegetation planting, water use regulation and animal husbandry, are usually used.
Vegetation planting is a key part of landscape construction and environmental ecological restoration in mining areas. Appropriate variety selection to match local environment, adopting reasonable planting densities and continuous watering and fertilization can effectively promote vegetation rehabilitation and improve soil conditions.
Water use regulation is an important measure to improve the ecologic water environment. It is necessary to adjust the water in tailings pond according to the water quality requirements of local plains and rivers and control the water quality of tailings pond to meet the standards.
Animal husbandry is a relatively mature ecological restoration measure and plays an important role in restoring the balance of local biodiversity. Animals in local areas of mining tailings dam can be used to maintain the natural environment of the ruin, so as to improve the damage of the mine dump.
Conclusion
The reclamation and ecological restoration of tailings dam of non-ferrous metal mines require comprehensive consideration of soil quality, water quality and local environment and the application of properly combined corresponding rehabilitation technologies. This article introduces the reclamation technology of non-ferrous metal mine tailings dam and the eco-restoration technology. It is expected that the knowledge obtained in this article can promote the sustainable development of non-ferrous metal mine resources and protect the local environment.
完整版
Introduction
The reclamation of tailings dam of non-ferrous metal mine and the restoration of ecosystem are of great significance for the sustainable development of mining industry and the environment’s healthy and stable development. The utilization and regeneration of closed or abandoned mine sites has become a global priority. This article will discuss about the technology of reclamation and ecological restoration of non-ferrous metal mine tailings dam.
Tailings Dam Reclamation Technology
The tailings dam of non-ferrous metal mines is typically built of earth and rock with clay and other impermeable materials to prevent seepage and as a barrier to rainwater and winter snow. Mining tailings are often acid and saline, and the water in the mine pond and the soil at the bottom of the dam must have a neutral to alkaline nature before the dam can be safely and successfully reclaimed.
The reclamation process of non-ferrous metal mine tailings dam usually includes the following four stages: soil assessment, soil treatment, soil replacement and plant planting.
Soil assessment is mainly to identify the content of toxic elements in the pond bottom of the tailings dam and to analyze the causes of acid water, then classify the tailings quality according to local standards. It is important to assess the tailings dam prior to reclamation in order to ensure that the appropriate treatment methods can be selected.
Soil treatment is mainly to adjust the soil pH to neutral (PH value 6.5-7.5) or slightly alkaline (PH value 7.5-8.0). The soil treatment method mainly includes adjusting soil fertility, improving soil micro-organism activity, irrigating and draining, water level fluctuation management, control and treatment of rainwater, neutralization of acid water, and extraction and removal of acid sulphate soil.
Soil replacement refers to the process of replacing the surface soil of the tailings dam with fertile soil according to the fertility of the poverty soil in the tailings pond, so as to improve the fertility and make it suitable for plant growth. The soil replacement should be based on the analysis of soil composition, soil properties, local climate and vegetation, so as to obtain a better effect.
Plant planting refers to the planting of suitable plants on the surface of the dam, improving the phytoremediation or soil improvement ability of the tailings pond, increasing the survival rate and growth of planted plants, and speeding up the remediation of tailings dam. It is important to select suitable species, establish seed sources, and determine the seedling density per unit area.
Eco-restoration Technology
Soils on the surface of the mine tailings dam can be planted after the reclamation work. It is recommended to select fast-growing and non-toxic varieties for planting, so that the soil can be improved as soon as possible, and the industrial pollution can be controlled reasonably. The target plant species should have certain eluvial characteristics, such as deep root system, wide adaptability to soil environment, hydrophobicity, strong stress-resistant capacity and strong ecological plasticity.
In order to restore the ecological environment in the mining area, a number of methods, such as vegetation planting, water use regulation and animal husbandry, are usually used.
Vegetation planting is a key part of landscape construction and environmental ecological restoration in mining areas. According to local species composition, topography, climate and soil conditions, appropriate variety selection to match local environment, adopting reasonable planting densities and continuous watering and fertilization can effectively promote vegetation rehabilitation and improve soil conditions.
Water use regulation is an important measure to improve the ecologic water environment. It is necessary to adjust the water in tailings pond according to the water quality requirements of local plains and rivers and control the water quality of tailings pond to meet the standards. By controlling the flow rate and direction of water in tailings pond, the mine water can be effectively treated, and the water quality discharged can meet the requirements of local environment.
Animal husbandry is a relatively mature ecological restoration measure and plays an important role in restoring the balance of local biodiversity. Animals in local areas of mining tailings dam can be used to maintain the natural environment of the ruin, so as to improve the damage of the mine dump. The construction of artificial lakes and grasslands, as well as the introduction of animals into the mine, can play a positive role in ecological landscape restoration.
Conclusion
The reclamation and ecological restoration of tailings dam of non-ferrous metal mines require comprehensive consideration of soil quality, water quality and local environment and the application of properly combined corresponding rehabilitation technologies. This article introduces the reclamation technology of non-ferrous metal mine tailings dam and the eco-restoration technology, focusing on soil assessment, soil treatment, soil replacement, plant planting, vegetation planting, water use regulation and animal husbandry. It is expected that the knowledge obtained in this article can promote the sustainable development of non-ferrous metal mine resources and protect the local environment.
