Introduction
Cylindrical surfaces are important components of many precision machines. As each component of the machine is made of the highest standards and accuracy, each component needs to be processed according to sychronized machining standards. In order to achive perfect accuracy, cylindrical surface machining needs to be done taking in to consideration various features of the component such as its roundness, parallelism, runout and accuracy. This article aims to analyze and explain the economical machining principles for cylindrical surface machining with respect to roundness, parallelism, end face runout and verticality, axiality so that the finished product can acquire the required surface accuracy.
Analysis of Roundness
Roundness is the most important criterion for cylindrical surface machining and it is defined as the measure of how round the cylindrical component is. For a cylindrical component, it should be circular in shape so as to ensure its accuracy and uniform structure. In order to ensure that the component is round, a process called circular turning needs to be done which involves the use of a rotary cutting tool to accurately shape the surface. With circular turning, the surface of the component is made uniform and the component is made to maintain its round shape throughout.
Analysis of Parallelism
Parallelism is an important criterion for cylindrical surface machining and it is defined as the measure of uniformity in the axis of a cylindrical component. This can be achieved by using different machining processes such as turning, tapping and grinding. During turning, a tool is inserted into the part and is then used to run-out in the center of the part to ensure the exact axiality of the component. During the tapping and grinding processes, the surfaces of the cylindrical component are machined to attain the desired levels of accuracy. With these processes, the component can maintain its parallelism and thus acquire the perfect accuracy which is necessary for its functioning.
Analysis of End Face Runout and Verticality
End face runout and verticality are also important criteria for cylindrical surface machining. End face runout and verticality are achieved through the process of horizontal planing. In this process, two faces of the component are repeatedly cut in order to achieve the desired accuracy. The accuracy can be further impro dthrough the process of edging which involves machining the two faces of the component with the objective of making them meet together.
Analysis of Axiality
Axiality is an important criterion for cylindrical surface machining and it is defined as the measure of the parallelism of two cylindrical components with respect to each other. In order to achieve perfect axiality, the process of honing needs to be done. In this process, a low rotational speed is applied to the component which enables it to acquire the correct measure of axiality. This ensures that the component gets the required accuracy and helps in maintaining the perfect parallelism and uniformity of the components.
Conclusion
As a conclusion, cylindrical surfaces machining is a specialized job which requires high levels of accuracy, uniformity and parallelism. To ensure a perfect finish and accurate results, different machining processes such as circular turning, tapping, grinding, honing and edging need to be employed in order to attain perfect roundness, parallelism, end face runout and verticality, axiality. By taking into consideration all these factors, cylindrical surfaces machining can be accomplished with economical precision.
