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Nickel is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile. Pure nickel, powdered to maximize the reactive surface area, shows a significant chemical activity, but larger pieces are slow to react with air under standard conditions because an oxide layer forms on the surface and prevents further corrosion. Many alloys, such as stainless steel, contain nickel.
Nickel is the fivèth most common element on earth and is present in almost all rocks, sands and soils at an average concentration of 70 parts per million (ppm). Nickel is a constituent of several minerals and is found in ores, such as pentlandite, niccolite, garnierite, and millerite.
Nickel is malleable, ductile and extremely corrosion resistant. This combination of properties makes nickel an ideal metal for a wide range of applications. It has good electrical and thermal conductivity and is magnetic in nature. It has excellent resistance to acids and bases and is used in the chemical industry for this reason. It also has good corrosion resistance to oxidizing salts and other forms of corrosion in seawater and other environments.
Nickel is a key component of many alloys, such as stainless steel and special steels for chlorine production. Nickel is also essential for the manufacturing of several types of batteries. Nickel is used in nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries, nickel-iron (NiFe) batteries, and nickel-zinc (NiZn) batteries.
Nickel is used in coins, and is also important in the production of various electronic equipment, such as computers, cellphones, and other gadgets. Nickel is used in the aerospace industry due to its strength and heat resistance. Nickel-based superalloys are used in the manufacture of turbines and other critical engine parts in aircraft, missiles and rockets.
Nickel has also been used in several medical treatments, such as in pacemakers and rechargeable batteries for hearing aids and prostheses. Nickel is also important in the production of cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy.
Nickel is widely used in the food and beverage industries for a variety of products, including chocolate and other confectionery, beer, wine and spirits, and dairy products, such as cheese and yogurt. Nickel is also used in the manufacture of stainless steel kitchen sinks, pots and pans.
Nickel is a highly toxic element and, in certain forms and circumstances, may be hazardous to human health. For this reason, very strict regulations and standards have been defined to protect workers and the environment from exposure to nickel compounds.
Nickel, because of its unique properties, is an important metal in the world economy and has been used for centuries in many applications. Its versatility and strength make it a very useful and valuable commodity, and it is likely that nickel will continue to be an important metal in the future.
