Introduction
The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous and powerful period in Chinas history that lasted from 618 to 907. During its nearly 300-year reign, the Tang Dynasty ushered in a period of economic, political and cultural renewal, as well as enhanced diplomatic relations with foreign entities. Founded by the illustrious Li Yuan, the Tang Dynasty was the first dynasty to truly embrace a cosmopolitan atmosphere, making it a global power.
Early History of the Dynasty
At its core, the Tang Dynasty is often known as a period of relative stability, prosperity and wealth. Following the disarray that characterized the era of the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty began a new age in Chinese history. Li Yuan was able to achieve this by unifying the disparate and divided territories of the era and thus establish a centralized, hereditary monarchy. Through Li Yuans son Li Shimin, the Tang Dynasty was able to expand its territories and bring much of East Asia under its umbrella of control.
Economy
The foundation of the Tang Dynastys power and prosperity was its strong economy. Agriculture constituted the backbone of the Tang economy and landowners were taxed, giving the government the necessary resources and funds to fuel military campaigns. Trade was also a key element in the Tang economy, which extended along the Silk Road, a route that connected China to the Roman Empire, Central Asia, and the Arabian peninsula. Through this trade route, Chinese products like tea and silk would travel westward and the Chinese would receive products like walnuts, grapes, and wool in exchange. During the Tang Dynasty, Chinese currency was also standardized and the official language of government was standardized which made it easier to communicate and interact with trade business partners from foreign lands.
Art and Culture
During the Tang Dynasty, art and culture flourished. Buddhism was embraced as the official religion of the court and several holy sites were constructed, with some of them still standing today. Artisans created a dynamic array of sculptures, texts and artifacts that blended aspects of both Chinese and foreign cultures. The elites of the period are credited for the construction of the world-renowned Li Jiang mural, which is still considered by many to be a masterpiece of Chinese art.
Conclusion
The Tang Dynasty is remembered as a golden age in Chinese history, where the nation was united and connected to the rest of the world. Political stability and diplomatic relations enabled the Tang Dynasty to become a powerful trading empire on the international stage, while innovative arts and culture allowed the Chinese to distinguish themselves within their regional sphere. Although it lasted only three centuries, the Tang Dynasty left a lasting legacy which still shapes the Chinese culture even to this day.
