Platinum Group Minerals (PGMs)
Platinum Group Minerals (PGMs) are a class of metals used in a variety of applications. PGMs are usually found in very small quantities in nature, with the most abundant being platinum. Along with platinum, other metals in this group include palladium, ruthenium, iridium, osmium and rhodium. These metals have a variety of chemical and physical characteristics which make them attractive for use in jewelry, coins, and other industrial applications.
Chemical Properties
The chemical properties of PGMs vary significantly depending on the metal present. Platinum, palladium, and ruthenium are all silvery in color and are relatively corrosion-resistant. These metals do not react vigorously with acid and form passivating layers of corrosion products on the surface. They are rather soft and can be alloyed with other metals to form stronger components. Iridium, osmium, and rhodium are all quite hard and have a bright luster to them. They are highly resistant to corrosion, but can still react with acid and form corrosion products.
Physical Properties
The physical properties of PGMs vary depending on the metal present. Platinum and palladium are both relatively soft and malleable and can be formed into various shapes for use in jewelry and coins. They have a high melting point and can be alloyed with other metals to increase their strength. Ruthenium, iridium, and osmium are much harder and more brittle than their platinum and palladium counterparts, but they still have a high melting point and can be alloyed with other metals. Rhodium has the highest melting point and is the most brittle and hard of the PGMs.
Applications
PGMs have a wide range of applications in different fields. In the automotive industry, PGMs are used to reduce emissions through a process known as catalytic converters. The metals act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions while generating less heat. They are also used in electronics as components of thermocouples, temperature sensors, and electrical conductors. Platinum and palladium are popular choices for jewelry and coins due to their aesthetic appeal. They are also used in the medical field, particularly in the production of medical implants.
Conclusion
In conclusion, PGMs are a group of metals that possess high melting points and a variety of chemical and physical properties that make them useful in many industries. They are commonly used in automotive, electronics, and jewelry applications, as well as in medical implants. Iridium, osmium, and rhodium are often used in electronics and can be alloyed with other metals to form strong and durable components. Platinum and palladium are popular choices for jewelry and coins due to their aesthetic appeal. With their wide range of applications, PGMs are sure to remain popular for years to come.
