Forging Basics
Forging is a process in which metal is heated and then deformed to various shapes. The goal is usually to obtain a desired shape with increased strength and improved ductility. The heated metal is then squeezed between two dies which is designed for the desired shape and it is then cooled to create the desired shape.
Forging is a widely used method for shaping metal because the process is faster than other methods of forming and provides a higher strength and ductility than cold forming methods. Forging can take many forms such as open-die forging, hammer forging, and precision forging just to name a few. The types of forging used depend on the shape of the part, the number of pieces, the strength required, and other considerations.
Open-die forging is a process in which the metal is heated and then squeezed between two flat dies. This type of forging is typically used for large parts with irregular shapes. Open-die forging is also used to produce longer parts because the dies remain open while the metal is being pressed between them.
Hammer forging is similar to open-die forging in that the metal is heated and then struck with a hammer. However, the dies used in hammer forging are not flat but semi-tubular with a patterned face. This type of forging is very cost effective and is often used for smaller parts.
Precision forging is a very precise form of forging that is used for small parts with complex shapes and precise sizes. The metal used for this type of forging is usually heated in a furnace and then forced into the die with hydraulic pressure. The pressure applied to the die is very precise, allowing intricate shapes and precise tolerances to be obtained.
Aside from its increased strength and ductility, forging is also advantageous in that it produces a uniform grain structure. This means that the part can handle higher temperatures and higher loads without suffering from metal fatigue. Additionally, forging can also be used to create precise shapes and intricate details that would be difficult to achieve using other processes.
Because forging requires so much heat and pressure, some of the materials that are used are limited to carbon steel, aluminum, brass, and stainless steel. Other materials, such as titanium and nickel alloys, can also be forged but require specialized dies and equipment to do so.
Overall, forging is a well-established process that allows for incredibly strong and precise parts to be produced. Not only does it produce a part with superior strength and ductility, but it also allows for complex shapes to be formed with greater ease. Forging is ideal for parts that require superior strength and require complex shapes, and this process is sure to remain popular for many years to come.
