Cold rolling is a process by which steel is formed into finished parts. It is a critical process that affects the quality, strength and cost-effectiveness of the steel parts produced. Cold rolling utilizes a rolling mill that works by applying pressure to the steel. This pressure is used to press the steel into a desired shape, resulting in parts that are stronger and more uniform than those that are simply cut and bent out of sheet steel. In addition to shaping the steel, cold rolling can also be used to increase its strength and hardness, as well as its electrical and magnetic properties.
Cold rolling is a complex process that involves two distinct stages: the initial stage, during which the steel is heated to a desired temperature, and a final stage during which the steel is shaped into the desired shape. During the first stage, the steel is heated to a temperature that is about 20 degrees Celsius higher than its recrystallization temperature. This ensures that the steel has a uniform microstructure and allows for uniform deformation during the forming process. The heating process is usually performed in an electric resistance or induction furnace, or in a vacuum furnace to achieve the desired results.
In the second stage of cold rolling, the steel is then rolled down through a series of rollers, each one made to a different shape and size. This rolling process allows for uniform deformation, which results in the desired shape, such as a tube or sheet. During this process, the steel is cooled and lubricated, often with a lubricant such as mineral oil or both, to ensure extra smoothness and accuracy of the final shape. There are also limiting gauges that are used to measure the limits of the finished parts.
In addition to the cold rolling process, specialized tools are used to create certain parts. These tools are used to create different types of threads, holes and teeth, which can be difficult to make with just the cold rolling process. Cold rolled steel products, such as tools and machinery, can be incredibly durable and long-lasting and are therefore ideal for use in industrial and engineering applications.
