，题目为Cutting Fluids Used in Milling、Turning、Drilling
Cutting fluids are a type of lubricant used in machining operations such as milling, turning and drilling. They are designed to reduce friction and wear, reduce heat, extend tool life and increase productivity. Generally, cutting fluids are made up of two components – a base, which may be an oil or a synthetic material, and an additive package.
Milling is a type of machining that uses rotationally-driven cutters to cut away material from a workpiece. The cutting fluid used in milling helps to extend tool life, improve machining performance and reduce surface roughness. A wide variety of cutting fluids are used in milling operations. These include oil-based fluids, water-soluble fluids, and semi-synthetic fluids. Oil-based fluids, such as mineral oil, petroleum oils and natural esters, have been the most common choice for milling. These fluids provide good lubrication and cooling, and are economical to use. However, they tend to produce long swarf and cause potential health and environmental problems. Water-soluble fluids, such as soluble oil and synthetic fluids, provide superior lubrication and cooling, as well as reduced swarf formation and better chip evacuation. However, they require regular maintenance and disposal of contaminated waste. Semi-synthetic fluids are a combination of oil- and water-soluble fluids, and offer the benefits of both types of fluids.
Turning is another type of machining operation which uses a cutting tool that is rotated against a workpiece to cut away material. High speed and heat are generated during this process, making a cutting fluid necessary to reduce heat, extend tool life and improve surface finish. Oil-based cutting fluids are commonly used in turning operations due to their excellent lubrication and cooling properties. They are usually mixed with water to provide an optimal lubrication profile. Water-soluble fluids, such as soluble oils, synthetic fluids and semi-synthetic fluids, also provide good lubrication and cooling, and tend to produce less smoke and fumes than oil-based fluids.
Drilling is the process of cutting a circular or cylindrical hole in a workpiece. A cutting fluid is essential in drilling operations to reduce heat and increase the tool life. Oil-based fluids, such as mineral oil, are commonly used in drilling applications due to their excellent lubrication, cooling and chip evacuation properties. However, water-soluble fluids, such as soluble oils, synthetic fluids and semi-synthetic fluids, are becoming increasingly popular due to their improved lubricating and cooling properties and reduced smoke and fumes.
In conclusion, cutting fluids are essential in machining operations such as milling, turning and drilling. There is a wide variety of cutting fluids available, including oil-based, water-soluble and semi-synthetic fluids. Each of these cutting fluids offers different benefits, and the type of fluid used should be chosen based on the specific application.
